Pros And Cons Of Ebooks In Comparison With Hardcover Books Essay

Pros And Cons Of Ebooks In Comparison With Hardcover Books - Essay Example Rather than true ownership, a majority of eBook purchases are more or fewer leases that have very few residual rights. The only way a buyer can ensure that they get continuous access and be able to store the content in the eBook is to download the entire material to a local storage device where rights to the content are not presided over by digital rights management (DRM) systems (Walters 85-95). The content of the e Boom is transferred from a hosted service on the World Wide Web, for instance from a cloud hosting service. The ‘buyer’ lacks control over the content, as Google Books attest; Google will stop serving the eBook content to the ‘buyer’ in the event that it (Google) loses the right to give the buyer any Digital content. While buying an eBook from an online repository, one is likely to encounter terms and conditions that read something akin to ‘you have limited, non-exclusive, personal, and revocable non-transferrable and not-assignable rights or license to use, view, and/ or play a single material copy or download a single copy on a single computer for non-commercial personal home use. Both institutions and individuals get statements of revocable rights to use material that they have ostensibly purchased and paid money for. The content publisher retains the right to change the terms of the sale at any time! It is akin to buying an operating system in which the vendor retains the right to change the sale terms at any time and the user has non-exclusive rights to use software they have paid for. Some publishers further add that they can withdraw their titles from resellers and vendors, including librarians if specific terms are flouted or not met. Mind you, these titles have already been sold to the respective vendors or librarians (Walters 85-95). Publishers also retain rights to change the contents of the eBook without any prior notice, a  concept that destroys the normal concept of selling a physical book.

Miscommunication in Aviaition Safety Research Paper

Miscommunication in Aviaition Safety - Research Paper Example Consequently, miscommunication among these individuals may result in grave consequences such as a fatal crash or accident. Of all aviation accidents that have been reported, over 70% points to miscommunication as a significant contributor to the fatal aviation crashes. Hence, miscommunication in the form of improper English, language errors, as well as inefficient cockpit communication is among the leading causes of fatal aviation accidents. Language problem is the major cause of airspace accidents due to crew communication and coordination. Pilots operate huge and complicated planes in busy and large terminals, and thus, they need help from the ground including information and support on landing and taking off provided by the air-traffic control (ATC). Therefore, communication between ATC and pilots should be clear, efficient, and proper because any mishap in communication can lead to a fatal crash as seen in the case of two Boeing 747 crashing into each other. Evidence shows that improper English and communication interference were the major cause of the fatal crash on March 27, 1977 that injured 61 and killed 583 people (Tajima 454). The captain notified the controller that they were at a takeoff position, and since this statement has double meaning, the controller misinterpreted it. The controller thought that the captain meant they were waiting for runway clearance, but not in motion, but sadly, the plane was alrea dy in motion making a run on the runway. Further instructions given to the captain to standby did not reach him due to radio transmission interruption. What followed was a fatal crash between KLM 4805 and PAA airplane, which was still on the runway when KLM 4805 was taking off. According to Tajima, this was a case of improper English whereby the captain’s native language Dutch influenced unconscious code-mixing that interfered with English phrase resulting in inefficient communication to the ATC (456). Apart from pilot and ATC

Contract Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 2

Contract Law - Essay Example Amber has made an offer to pay David  £20,000 after supplying the computer software. David accepted the offer and by commencing to fulfil his obligations, David has simply accepted to be bound by the terms of the contract. The terms of the contract are that David would be paid  £20,000 and finish the contract by 30/05/04. Therefore there exists one of the essentials of a valid contract i.e. consensus and ideam a part from offer and acceptance. This principle refers to a ‘meeting of the minds’. It must be shown that both parties understand the subject matters of the contract before agreeing (assenting). None of the parties i.e. between David and Amber can deny knowledge to the terms of the contract. However, an offer terminates if a counter offer is made to them. This is a reply to an offer whose effects is to vary the terms of the original offer. A counter offer extinguishes the original offer and the person to whom it was originally made cannot move it. However, it can result in a contract if its terms are accepted by the original offers.

Venture Idea Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Venture Idea - Essay Example Clients can still visit the truck and place an order (face-face transaction). The services can be initiated using online platform, but finalizing of the services will require a discussion with the client. Currently, most Americans have become too busy trying to make ends meet, thus time to prepare food for themselves or the family has become limited. Therefore, this gap has created an opportunity for this venture to be implemented and be successful. Demand for healthy food has been on the rise due to the increased lifestyle diseases such as cancer, obesity et cetera. Weekdays when most people are on work the demand for the food is at maximum, thus best returns are realized. The future for this venture is brighter as day goes-by. The growing population and health conscious clients will definitely demand healthy food, and this will create an opportunity for the business to expand. New trucks will be purchased to enhance service

Assessing risks arising from contamination of the aquatic environment Essay

Assessing risks arising from contamination of the aquatic environment with Bt toxin from GM corn (maize) crop litter in the USA - Essay Example (National Agriculture Statistics Service, 2009) Hypothesis: To find out the impact of BT toxins on the aquatic environment if used without extensive risk assessment. What is the first impression you get when you hear the term, â€Å"Genetically Modified Food†? In recent years, speculation has renewed over the full effects, and possible consequences of genetic modification of organisms for the production, and augmentation of human food supplies. It is worthwhile to identify the specificities of the techniques involved to produce BT crops, as well as other biotech innovations. To understand potential environmental and biological risk factors involved we must delve into precisely what does and does not occur with genetically modified crops. This study will explore techniques involved in producing genetically modified foods, their importance to agriculture, and the nature of the BT molecule/toxin. In addition, two other research projects will be summarized which explore possible s ide effects of BT toxin dispersing into the environment, as well as the frequency of that dispersal in the water table. BT technology must be a subject of discussion, both due to the popularity of this technique, by which pesticides can be incorporated directly into plant tissues constitutively – and the possible far-reaching ramifications of such an inclusion. Both of these studies focus on corn/maize due to its prevalence – but virtually any vegetable that has utility for humans is a possible target for genetic modification, in the interest of greater profit towards an increase in the human food supply. GENETIC MODIFICATION Genetically modified organism(GMO): An organism is "genetically modified", if it’s genetic material has been changed in a way that does not occur under natural conditions through cross-breeding or natural recombination. Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a spore forming bacterium that produces crystals protein (cry proteins), which are toxic to many species of insects. (University of California San Diego) GM crops are made using technology which allows Bt toxins to be introduced into crops, making them resistant to pests. For centuries, human beings have attempted to incorporate desired traits both in animals and plants of human utility. Selective breeding has been employed to both as a means of eliminating undesirable traits, such as excessive ferocity in certain breeds of dogs, and greater sugar content as well as size increases for fruits and vegetables. Using ancient techniques agriculture was limited to working within a single species in order to identify desirable, and undesirable traits - and then through successive generations to concentrate those virtues within the species that proved of highest economic benefit to humanity. Or as the case may be, to winnow out those traits that ran counter to human interests. Genetic modification broadens the set of tools available to agriculture, agribusiness, and eventually to animal husbandry. What if we were not limited by the genes within a single species? What if it were possible to use genes from virtually any species and incorporate them into crops? Perhaps the particular globular proteins present in a deep-sea fish which

Alfred Adler’s “The Neurotic Constitution” Essay Example for Free

Alfred Adler’s â€Å"The Neurotic Constitution† Essay Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One of the most common negative attributes an individual possess is insecurity.   Common among adolescents, insecurity can be exhibited through either inferiority complex or superiority complex.   This paper would present Alfred Adler’s theory of personality which concentrated on the reason as to why an individual develops feelings of insecurity and why this remains part of the individual’s behavior despite them reaching adulthood or old age. Adler’s Individual Personality   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As a result of debates with Sigmund Freud, Alfred Adler (2007) developed his own theory of personality which he called as the â€Å"Individual Personality. †Ã‚   Adler believed that it is the motivations experienced by an individual that determines his or her role in society as well as being responsible for an individual’s uniqueness.   Under the Individual Personality theory, Adler presented two psychological conditions which he termed as â€Å"inferiority complex† and â€Å"superiority complex.†Ã‚   These conditions are commonly experienced by an individual during the early childhood years and would eventually lead to the individual to suffer neurosis.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   An individual suffering from either inferior or superiority complex requires an expedient to allow him or her to focus on the uncertainty of his or her existence.   By doing so, the individual is able to do a self-estimation of all evils and considers him or her to feel incompetent, inferior, degraded and insecure.   In order for the individual to find a guiding principle he or she uses either his or her parent who attributed his or her values to (Adler 2007). Based on the study of cause, behavior, manifestation and altered modes of activity, Adler (2007) discovered that there was a link between the individual developing an inferiority complex and the individual having underdeveloped organs resulting to the nervous system to compensate these.   As a result, the individual develops what Adler termed as somatic inferiority and eventually becomes a permanent compelling part of the individual’s psyche.   The only way this could be addressed is through the intervention of a psychologist. Another reason for the development of superior or inferiority complex among individuals is their desire to become what they consider to be great and strong.   This desire then influences their conduct, psychical and physical attitudes.   Oftentimes, individuals would experience temporary denials and discomforts, particularly during the early childhood years.   This leads them to seek the impulse to develop character traits that they would consider as common.    It is also during this period of time that individuals experience feelings of weaknesses, helplessness and feelings of anxiety.   At the same time, the development of these negative behaviors allows the individual to realize his or her strengths which results to the individual a sense of gratitude towards his strengths.   This, along with the development of obedience, allows the individual to develop an accentuation of his or her ego consciousness by assisting him or her to achieve the goal of his or her personality which is to strive for superiority (Adler 2007). Adler (2007) also stated that the parental neglect experienced by an individual as he or she grows up would result to the child developing feelings of aggression and contribution to the individual’s development of inferiority.   This is particularly evident among individuals who have been brought up in large families where the individual has a lot of siblings. Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Insecurities are commonplace among each and every individual such that it would seem to be impossible to find an individual who does not possess any form of insecurity.   Adler’s theory provided valid explanations not only as to why individuals possess feelings of insecurity but also why certain individuals are more insecure than others.   Along with his theory, Adler presented factors that cause the emergence of insecurities among individuals.   The first is physical.   Many of people who are insecure are those who are inflicted with what society would consider as physical abnormalities.   They are viewed by society as different and as a result would make them to ridicule and bullying.   Another factor presented was the family.    On one hand, any children feel that they are pressured into following the footsteps of their parents which would let them feel that the only way to be accepted and considered as â€Å"doing the right thing† is if they would follow the footsteps of their parents.   On the other hand, because of the changes in lifestyles of most families, parents tend to have lesser time for their children.   The parental neglect causes the children to feel abandoned and as a result would develop insecurities which they would try to hide by creating an image that they are superior, hence the development of the superiority complex.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   All in all, society has played a part in the formation of insecurities of an individual.   Most often than not, individuals are not even aware that they in fact possess feelings of insecurity which is why only through the intervention of a psychologist and an open mind would an individual discover these insecurities and work on these insecurities in order to develop a stronger personality which is the goal of an individual. Reference Adler, A. (2007). The neurotic constitution: the origin and development of the feeling of inferiority. In H. S. Friedman M. W. Schustack (Eds.), The personality reader (pp. 42-43).   Needham Heights, MA: Allyn Bacon.

The Inferno And The Perfection Of Gods Justice Religion Essay

The Inferno And The Perfection Of Gods Justice Religion Essay The Inferno was written in the early fourteenth century by Italian politician Dante Alighieri, the book is the first part of the epic poem the Divine Comedy and it is followed by Purgatorio and Paradiso. The book Inferno, which is the Italian translation for Hell, narrates the journey of its author through what he believes is Hell, consisting of nine circles of suffering underneath the earth. In his journey Dante is guided through the nine regions by the poet Virgil, who represents Human Reason, each circle in the book represents a different type of sin with a different type of punishment, varying according to the degree of offense they committed in life. In his trip through every one of these circles, Dante realizes and emphasizes the perfection of Gods Justice and the seriousness of each offense towards the creator of all life. Certainly, Dante as a Christian realizes the perfection of Gods justice; he is able to create a connection between a souls sin on Earth and the punishment he or she receives in Hell. In Inferno, Dante explains that God created Hell by justice, a specific example of this, might be when he was entering the Gates of Hell, he read on the entrance of the gate the sign that said, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Sacred Justice moved my Architect I was raised here by the Divine Omnipotence (Alighieri Canto III, 5) undoubtedly, attributing the creation of Hell to God and his divine justice, and Gods divine justice is exactly what shapes Dantes nine circles of Hell and their punishments, depending on the severity of the sin, the soul is send farther away from God and closer to the Devil. In addition, Dante is conscious of the qualities of God, first that He is just, according to the Bible in Exodus 34:7, He will by no means clear the guilty also that He is merciful à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦For God is love(Kershaw 1 John 4:8) and, in accordance with the Bible, it is also stated that Gods Justice is described as fair, when people receive justice, they receive the penalty they deserve, or they are repaid for the damages done to them, in the bible, justice is related to the Law of Moses, which the Lord gave to the people of Israel as a gift for their protection and well being in the Old Testament of the Bible(Justice). Psalms 96: 13 tells us that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦He [God] is coming to judge all people on earth with fairness and truth.(Kershaw) No doubt, Dante praises Gods justice in Hell O Sovereign Wisdomà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.How justly doth Thy power judge and assign!(Alighieri Canto XIX, 10-13) however, he will still along his journey show pity for the souls,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦how could I check my tears, when near at hand I saw the image of humanity distortedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.Certainly I weptà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦(Alighieri Canto XX, 21), and fear to Gods punishmentsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦and there we saw what fearful arts the hand of Justice knowsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦(Alighieri Canto XIV, 17), projecting to the reader an image of a vengeful and cruel God, who was punishing harshly all those sinners, these reactions from Dante makes Virgil scold Dante assuring him that Gods justice is divine and perfect. Who is more impious than one who dares to sorrow at Gods Judgment?(Alighieri Canto XX, 30).Therefore, as consequence of the magnitude of the offenses that are being punished in Hell, it is understandable that Dante depicts Hell as a place of perpetual pain and suffering. Starting on the Dark Wood, the Perfection of Gods Justice revolves around the entire journey of Dante. In the first circle with all the non-Christian adults in addition to unbaptized infants, Dante depicts the mercy and justice of God, many of the great heroes, thinkers and creative minds of ancient Greece such as Homer, Horace and Lucan are located in this circle, although they do not suffer, because of the honor and merits they gained in Earth and Heaven, they are hopeless and cannot gain their way into heaven, yet some of the major figures from the Hebrew Bible, according to Virgil, were liberated by Jesus following his crucifixion. In the second circle, Dante analyzes the power of love over desire; He describes God as merciful and caring, but Gods justice is more important, the lustful are located in this circle, they are the first ones to be truly punished in Hell, the souls are blown about to and fro by the terrible winds of a violent storm, without hope of rest. From the souls that are being punish here, Dante concludes that love should not be confused with sexual desires, even if the line that separates both of them seems really thin. Furthermore in the third circle are place those that are given out to carnal desires too, the gluttons who are to forced to lie in a vile slush produced by ceaseless foul. In this circle Virgil tells Dante that the souls trapped here will not rise again until the Day of the Final Judgment where he also describes God as just and fair à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦on which the host shall come to judge all menà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦(Alighieri, Canto VI,90). In the fourth circle the Hoarders and the Wasters, are being punished according to their sins in the same circle, they are carrying enormous weights, rolling them at one another, then in haste they rolled them back, and start all over again creating a vicious cycle. In this region Dante starts to feel pity for those souls and is shocked for the first time at the power of Gods justice. In the fifth circle are the two forms of anger located, the anger that is expressed and the one that is repressed, Gods Justice in this region is seen when Philippo Argenti is attacked by the other souls after he tried to grab Dante, much to Dantes liking, and when God sends his angel to open the gates of Dis. Dante learns from Virgil that as the story progresses himself has been less inclined toward pity, and thus the text asserts the infinite wisdom of divine justice, where sinners receive their punishment in perfect proportion to their sin and to pity their suffering is to demonstrate a lack of under standing. In level six begins a much more serious descent into the realm where the sins turn into more severe and the punishments are harsher. In this area are located the heretics, they are tormented in fiery tombs because of their denial of the souls immortality when they were alive, showing the reader once more how the seriousness of the offense towards God decides how He proportionally assigns the punishment. In the seventh circle, are located the violent, these sinners are separated in three forms, given that each kind of violence is different to the creator, one are the violent toward others, for example killing someone, these souls are punished in a river of blood, another are the violent against themselves, these are the ones that commit suicide, they are punished more painfully than the previous sinners, they change into trees and they can only speak if a limb is broken off and they bleed, as in life they sought relief through pain, they are now suffering in Hell and are constantly being hurt seeking relief. The third group of violent sinners, are the violent against God, these souls are the most painfully tormented souls of the group of violent, the blasphemers, sodomites and the usurers are placed on a burning plain while they are tormented by a rain of fire from heaven ceaselessly. Consecutively, the eight circle is basically full of malice and forethought , the majority of the souls that are located in this circle are evil and when they were alive they knew they were being evil, and did nothing to change their ways, therefore the seducers, panderers, simoniacs, fortune tellers and diviners, grafters, thieves, hypocrites, evil counselors, sowers of discords and falsifiers are place in this level, most of them serve painful punishments, Dante permits the reader to observe the perfection of Gods justice, because even when all these souls are in the same circle, they are punish in accordance to the severity of their sins. For instance, the fortune tellers and diviners are permitted to walk only with their heads backwards; the evil counselors are sentenced to walk inside a flaming tongue and the thieves are bitten by snakes and burst into flames until ashes remain, and from the ashes the sinner reforms painfully. As Dante gradually descents through every level of Hell, he finally finds himself in the ninth circle, this is the last circle and the most evil of all, the traitors and the Devil are located here, Dante divides this level in four regions, the Caina, the Antenora, Ptolomea and Judecca. The Caina is named after the biblical Cain, who was the first son of Adam and Eve, and who killed his brother out of envy (Kershaw Genesis 4 1-17). The second region is Antenora, is named for the Trojan prince Antenor, one of those in favor of returning Helen to the Greeks for the good of Troy, the third zone is Ptolomea, this region is named after the captain of Jericho, Ptolemy, who murdered his guests while they were being honored, and finally the last region is Judecca, Dante chooses this name because of Judas Iscariot, the apostle who betrayed Jesus the Son of God. In this circle Divine Justice doesnt have exceptions, because whether they betrayed their families, country, guests or the Son of God, they are all encased in ice, however their punishment is proportional, some of the souls are covered up to their necks, others up to their eyes, only Judas is covered up to his head completely in ice. Nevertheless, we cant evade the fact that Gods justice in the Inferno is created by a medieval mans intellect, and that his point of view on Divine Justice is influenced by his religious views, however, Dante, during his journey changes his attitude and he finally starts to observe the perfection of Gods Justice, he acknowledges how Divine Justice doesnt punish the souls in Hell harshly and cruelly, but the punishment is definitely a mirror of their sins, which ironically creates an eternal torment for the hopeless souls trapped in Hell. In conclusion, Divine Justice takes many forms in Dantes work, but each punishment is proportional to the seriousness of the souls crime, Dante started his journey feeling compassion toward the sinners and fearing Gods Justice, he descends through the nine circles of Hell, where he reflects, and begins to acknowledge the Perfection of Gods Justice. Each of the levels is different; the souls are punished according to the gravity of their offenses toward God, after Dante reaches Cocytus, which is the center of Hell, He continues to the Purgatory. The Inferno is only the first part of Dantes Masterpiece The Divine Comedy, and it is in this journey through Hell where Dante realizes the perfection of Gods justice, he will later experience in Heaven Divine Grace from God himself. Works Consulted Alighieri, Dante. The Inferno. New York, New York: NAL PENGUIN INC, 1954. 288. Print. This book describes Dantes visit to the lower realms of the next world BCC Writing Lab. Writing a Literary Analysis. Bellevue College, n.d. Web. 17 May 2010. . This source explains how a literary analysis should be written; it provides examples of different works and discusses how a thesis should be written. Birky, Beth. Literature and writing essay resources Analyzing a passage. Literary Analysis Guide. Goshen College, 08 2009. Web. 24 May 2010. . This source discusses ways to analyzed a literature piece and helps you to show more understanding of the text that is being read. Cachey, Theodore, and Louis Jordan. Renaissance Dante in Print. Main Exposition of Dantes Renaissance. Universtity of Notre Dame, n.d. Web. 17 May 2010. . This exhibition presents Renaissance editions of Dantes Divine Comedy from the Zahm, Dante Collection at the University of Notre Dame. This exhibit constitutes essential primary sources for both the history of Dantes reception during the Renaissance and the early history of the printed book. Cruz, Kristen. Literary Genres. List defines each of the genres included in Recommended Literature: Kindergarten Through Grade Twelve. California Department of Education, 30 Nov 2009. Web. 17 May 2010. . This source provides a brief description of all literary genres, does not offer links or details; additional sources needed Dantes Inferno. Dantes World. University of Texas at Austin, n.d. Web. 17 May 2010. . This source is an integrated multimedia journeycombining artistic images, textual commentary, and audio recordingsthrough the three realms of the afterlife (Inferno, Purgatory, Paradise) presented in Dantes Divine Comedy. Justice. American Bible Society. American Bible Society, 2010. Web. 17 May 2010. . This web site discusses the definition of Gods Justice according to the bible Kershaw, Simon. Bible The New Revised Version. Oremus Bible Browser. Division of Christian Education of the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the United States of America, 03 Mar 2008. Web. 17 May 2010. This source provides information about the bible with some verses helpful to comparing Gods Justice in the bible to Dantes book. MHS Composition Guide. Philosophical and Religious: The religious and ethical climate influences writers and their texts. Merryville School, n.d. Web. 17 May 2010. . This source provides basic descriptions of a variety of criticism techniques Wiehardt, Ginny. Types of Characters. Types of characters in Fiction. About.com Guide, n.d. Web. 17 May 2010. . This source provides the information we need to know about every type of character we need to know as we study literature