Tammy Larson and Mike Brennan

The case study involves a turn to turn talk between Tammy Larson and Mike Brennan on a female who had applied for a job as a housekeeper. The two were discussing the employee's profile. Details on her criminal conviction and drug possession raised a point of contention as the two were debating on whether to employ her. Currently, criminal conviction and drug possession is a subject that is put into considerations while selecting and promoting employees (Hayes ; Ninemeier, 2016, p.130). Ideally, employees ought to consider the nature or circumstances that led to these criminal offenses. Most of the people are pushed towards these offenses because of societal and psychological factors which they have little control over. Characters (functions or behaviors)As for this case, Tammy Larson and Mike Brennan should first identify the nature and circumstances which prompted these behaviors. From the analysis, they should be able to decide on the way forward. Besides, they should be able to identify the connection between a criminal conviction and the work they are supposed to do (Mattke, Van, ; Martsolf, 2014). For instance, substance use after work may have little effect on housekeeping roles. If the convictions involved issues like dishonesty and mistreatment, it would be hellish to employ the candidate. In order for the human resource to be fair and just, there exists the need to consult legal advice. This will help determine the best course of action (Hemming, 2015). Besides, Larson and Brennan ought to identify third parties and their statements on the employee's conduct. If I was the director, I would employ Stephanie. Management and leadership stylesThe federal law does not prohibit employers from seeking to know the criminal history of an employee. However, the same law prohibits employers from discriminating candidates on the basis of their criminal records (Mattke, Van, & Martsolf, 2014). Therefore, employers ought to consider laws and legal decision during the selection process. Some of the most important laws revolve around civil rights acts which determine employment decisions. For instance, we have Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 which dictates how employees should be treated following criminal allegations (Hemming, 2015). Criminal history and record are important because they help employers accurately decide on a responsible, reliable and safe employee. Therefore, I recommend employers to request their employees to list recent criminal activity.Recommendation Employers should identify a fair response to criminal records and allegations of those they want to the employee. Ideally, we are all humans, and thus we are subjected errs. Criminal records and substance use are social issues which are propelled by other factors; some of the factors are beyond our control (Hemming, 2015). However, employers ought to consider the legal advice and third-party consultancy before employing or dismissing an employee. For those individuals who have transformed, their criminal record should not pose the challenge of selecting them.Conclusively, Tammy Larson and Mike Brennan should consider many factors while deciding on the response. Most importantly, the selection should consider matching the organizational goals with the skills and qualifications of the employee. In this case study, the applicant has the traits required for the job opportunity; hence, her record should not be an obstacle towards being selected. However, the female applicant should be advised on the best approaches that will keep her away from criminal activities and substance use. Naturally, it is unfair to judge a person based on their records or past engagements. ReferencesHayes,  D.  K., & Ninemeier,  J.  D. (2016).  Human resources management in the hospitality industry.Hemming,  A. (2015).  Criminal Law Guidebook: Queensland and Western Australia. Melbourne: OUPANZ.Mattke,  S., Van,  B.  K., & Martsolf,  G. (2014).  Final report: Evaluation of tools and metrics to support employer selection of health plans.

Sustainable Sanitation And Water Management Environmental Sciences Essay

A determination support tool chest for practicians on the local degreeCompiled by Juri Lienert, adapted from Moriarty et al 2007: The EMPOWERS Approach to Water Governance: Guidelines, Methods and Tools. Moriaty et al 2007: The EMPOWERS Approach to Water Governance: Background and Key Concepts. Executive Summary EMPOWERS is a regional plan chiefly funded by the European Commission ‘s MEDA ( Mediterranean Regional Programme for Local Water Management ) Water Programme, working in Egypt, Jordan and West Bank and Gaza. The EMPOWERS Partnership aspiration is to better long-run entree and rights to H2O by vulnerable populations. It is making this through a participatory H2O planning and direction procedure with all stakeholders. The EMPOWERS attack aims to better H2O administration at the local degree of H2O users ( communities ) and at the intermediate degree of decentralized H2O directors and service suppliers in territories and governorates. The Guideline provided by EMPOWERS constitutes a practical and logical model of activities based on the engagement of those who use and manage H2O, which leads toward improved local H2O administration, and the development and execution of incorporate H2O development programs for towns, territories and small towns. Furthermore, the guideline advocate a coaction through duologue, to convey about a alteration in a manner that H2O direction professionals and H2O users work with each other ( Moriarty et al. 2007 ) .What is Water AdministrationIn peculiar, there has been a deficiency of practical tools and attacks to undertake H2O related jobs, particularly at the local and intermediate degrees where H2O service suppliers and H2O users interact. This is the challenge of H2O administration. At its simplest, H2O administration refers to the full set of systems that control determination doing with respect to H2O resource development and direction. In the linguistic communication of the Global Water Partnership ( GWP ) , H2O administration â€Å" relates to the scope of political, societal, economic and administrative systems that are in topographic point to develop and pull off H2O resources and the bringing of H2O services at different degrees of society † ( Rogers and Hall, 2003 ) . Apart from that, the apprehension of Water Governance of EMPOWERS particularly respects H2O related issues at the local degree. Thereby, EMPOWERS differs in their attack basically from a traditional apprehension of Water Management and Governance as a political matter.The EMPOWERS GuidelinesThe guidelines are divided into 5 chapters: Chapter 1 trades with improved H2O administration ( see above ) . It explains the operation of H2O administration and why it is of import to see local and intermediate H2O administration in the planning procedure. Furthermore the four chief properties of H2O administration are explained. Chapter 2 gives an overview of the attack of EMPOWERS, which was used to plan the guidelines. A model is provided to help the stakeholders to come to practical end products in the signifier of H2O development schemes, programs and activities and to improved communicating and determination devising. The attack is based on two pillars: the first is a procedure of stakeholder duologue and concerted action ( SDCA ) . Well informed stakeholders who communicate with each other on a regular footing will happen locally appropriate solutions to pressing H2O related jobs. Therefore the purpose is to beef up communicating and do stakeholder duologues more effectual. This can be realised through the designation of the cardinal stakeholders and whose engagement in a stakeholder platform. The 2nd pillar of the attack regards the direction rhythm itself, which contains of six stages, viz. visioning, measuring, strategising, planning, implementing and reflecting. The logic and sequencing of the rhyt hm aid to guarantee that determinations are based on a clear and logical flow of idea and action. Further inside informations of the direction rhythm can be seen in table 2. Chapter 3 trades with the debut to facilitation and capacity development. The development of capacity among stakeholders, in add-on to stakeholder duologue and the direction rhythm, is indispensable for the success of improved H2O administration. To procure a capacity development, stakeholders need to be advised in a first stage by a facilitation squad. The facilitation squad is in charge to maintain the stakeholders and their undertakings â€Å" on path † . The squad will be dwelling of experts with different backgrounds and accomplishments. Chapter 4 takes a closer expression to the direction rhythm, shown in table 2. The six stages are described in item and counsel for execution is provided, including a list of different tools and methods for each measure. In Chapter 5, these tools and methods can be found and explained in item. For every of the six stages recommended tools are presented, including aims of each stage, methods to make these aims and tipps and fast ones to ease the procedure. Applicability The focal point of the EMPOWERS attack is on participatory H2O administration at local ( community or small town ) and intermediate ( territory or governorate ) degree. The EMPOWERS Approach is chiefly used in the in-between E ; nevertheless construct can be applied in every state worldwide. The guideline of EMPOWERS has been tested within small towns and towns in Egypt, Jordan and Palestine with a population runing from a few 1000s to 30.00 dwellers. Yet it has non been tested in larger metropoliss or parts, nevertheless there is no ground that the attack would non be suited on a larger graduated table. The guideline is chiefly designed for usage in procedures of planning and duologue within and between local and intermediate degrees that is for undertakings affecting more than one small town or town. However, elements of the attack are appropriate for usage in stand-alone activities within a individual municipality. Advantages The attack focuses on the local and intermediate degree – in the field of incorporate H2O direction, such an attack of H2O administration can efficaciously associate up different degrees of H2O direction and can therefore near the spread of losing attacks for local and intermediate H2O direction. It is possible for little scale communities to be active in H2O direction. The attack addresses particularly stakeholders and their concerns to confront H2O related issues. A nucleus belief of the attack concerns the importance of cooperation and communicating at all degrees of involved stakeholders -this implies the coordination and cooperation of conjunct actions between communities, small towns, towns and governorates. The direction guidelines provide a really elaborate subdivision about methods and tools how to affect stakeholders and how to implement H2O direction programs. Single tools and methods can be used independently apart from a complete procedure of H2O administration sing all stages. Disadvantages The demand for a facilitation squad makes the procedure of H2O administration comparatively cost intensive. Due to the focal point on cooperation and stakeholder duologue, it can be hard to happen equal solutions with other stakeholder groups as a neighbour small town. Therefore actions should be approached on a larger graduated table than community degree. This leads to the demand of a higher fiscal capacity and a higher organizational demand.

Knowledge Management Techniques Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 2

Knowledge Management Techniques - Essay Example Uriarte, 2008). The parking and preservation of corporate knowledge is relevant especially in today’s era, given that majority of work force oriented service is solely composed of knowledge workers. To successfully compete in the economy, companies have to treat the personnel providing the knowledge just as they would pay attention to any other strategic irreplaceable asset (Leistner, 2010). At high levels of the hierarchy of knowledge worker, certificates and university degrees from guilds or various organisations provide the self imposed labels that professionals and managers use in order to qualify for one of the positions in the organisation (Miltiadis et al, 2008). Knowledge workers have an overall picture of the business as oppose to the lower level front line workers, but there is the likeliness duplication of mistakes in the various departments since there is no strategy or media for information sharing example in an organisation professionals in various departments ma y be doing some experiments with out sourcing, independently each discovering that saving promised is far much less that suggested in the popular business press. Knowledge management is fundamentally about a systematic approach to other information and managing intellectual assets in a way that the company is provided with an edge to competitive advantage. Knowledge management is an optimisation strategy for business, and it is not limited to a particular source of information or technology (Uden and Eardley, 2010). A wide variety of IT (Information Technologies) plays a key role in knowledge management initiatives, simply because of the effort provided over manual operations and savings in time. Knowledge management is agnostic when it comes to source and type of information, ranging from a document describing the process a customer support representative uses to escalate

Capacity Planning and Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Capacity Planning and Management - Case Study Example Further, there is likelihood that the human resource issues in relation to the implementation of the new facilities may arise. It has been noted that the facility decision involves the subjects such as finance, marketing, human resource, accounting and engineering. Therefore, there is requirement of the cross-sectional teams in facility decisions. Balancing Supply And Demand In order to describe the aggregate planning process, the sales and the operation planning (S&OP) can be used. It can be stated that S&OP tends to match the demand as well as the supply by making use of the cross-functional team approach. The diverse cross-functional team tends to meet the general manager for discussing on the sales forecast along with the supply plan and thus take the necessary steps to balance the supply and demand. Role of Aggregate Planning The main task of the aggregate planning is to equalize the supply along with demand of the outputs within the medium-term range. Since the demand of the pr oduct seems to be uncertain and fluctuating, with the help of the aggregate planning the general output level for the medium-term future is set. It is not only the yield level that is planned with the help of the aggregate planning method of the operations management but also aggregate planning method tends to determine the suitable resources input mix that can be utilized. It can be stated that the main objective of the aggregate planning is to achieve a plan of production that can make optimum exploitation of the resources of the organization for the purpose of satisfying the expected demand. By making utilization of the ‘level strategy’ and the ‘chase strategy’ or the blend of the two, a firm is able to meet the aggregate demand in the medium-term (Pan & Kleiner, 1995). Material Requirements Planning and Enterprise Resource Planning It can be stated that the manufacturing organizations are required to handle the complexities since there are few thousands of the products, parts, processes and uncertainties that they need to manage. However, it would not be sensible to reveal that there are not any possibilities to manage the uncertain situation. With the assistance of the computerized planning as well as control system named as material requirements planning, it is possible to manage any kind of situation. On the other hand, ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) is also a significant aspect in operations management. ERP is generally a company wide resource planning system utilized for the purpose of planning along with the controlling of the resources MRP can be utilized to assist the managers to keep the record of the orders via the manufacturing process and thus assist in moving the accurate amount of the material to the production department (Scarlett, 2006). It can be identified that there is requirement of the five elements to make the MRP successful. The five elements are: execution planning, exact data, adequate computer system, and management support and users knowledge. It can be stated

Bullying Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Bullying - Essay Example Bullying is still widely prevalent across many schools in the US according to recent statistics. This form of behavior has a negative impact on those who are being victimized and also promotes aggressive and violent behavior among those who take on the role of a bully. Bullying can have several physical, social, emotional and psychological consequences on those who are being victimized (Bullying Overview, 2014). Bullying which was thought to have originated in Scandinavia is now widespread in many countries around the world including the United States, Australia, Canada, Japan and the United Kingdom (Olweus, 2001). In the United States, several policies and laws are being implemented in schools across the country to prevent and protect children from the effects of bullying (Analysis of State Bullying Laws and Policies, 2011). School authorities play a major role in implementing and coordinating the various anti-bullying policies and laws along with the support of teachers, parents an d support staff such as practicing school psychologists. The main objectives of the anti-bullying policies in schools involve establishment of a school mission statement, code of conduct and a student bill of rights. Any updates on the policies need to be incorporated in the school rules and passed on to the staff, students and parents. These policies provide a means of early intervention in preventing bullying and they do not propose any kind of harsh punishments to those who involve in bullying their peers. Instead it recommends using a restorative justice approach in correcting the behavior of the perpetrators and offers suitable counseling to them as well as to those who have been victimized (Bullying, n.d; Sherer & Nickerson, 2010) 5. Analysis of these policies has revealed that they have been effective in reducing the rate of bullying in schools (Effective Evidence -based Practices, n.d). Bullying, which is defined as repeated exposure to

Should Arizona Keep Trying to Vote Sheriff Joe Arpaio Out of Office Research Paper

Should Arizona Keep Trying to Vote Sheriff Joe Arpaio Out of Office - Research Paper Example Economic arguments have sometimes been in favor of the immigrants such as the fact that they are a cheap labor source for the industries in Arizona City. On the other hand, the social impact arguments have mostly been negative particularly because the immigrants are often seen to be undermining national identity, taking up resources and jobs from the local city residents as well as causing other related problems such as congestion. Although some analysts argue that immigration workers are providing the much needed labor for the booming construction industry in Arizona, it is undeniable that they have also imposed both social and economic costs on the Arizona residents. The costs incurred by the health care systems in the entire Pinal County have significantly risen over the past few years and this is largely attributed to the rapidly rising immigrant population (Okie, 527). Another social that is related to the rising number of immigrants is the currently high level of drug trafficki ng in the City and its environs. Many researchers however believe most of the illegal Mexican immigrants are smuggling illegal drugs such as Marijuana across the Mexican border and this as also resulted in high levels of violence and crimes in the city. The high number of illegal immigrants has also resulted into an increased crime rate in the City of Arizona. This is particularly evidenced by the fact most of the state and federal prisons in the city have doubled up their spending in a bid to accommodate the rising number of criminals who are mostly illegal immigrants. Additionally the cultural conflict between the immigrants and the locals is now evident in several parts of Arizona. The ethnic tension between the Mostly Hispanic immigrants and the locals is growing. Most locals regard the immigrants as â€Å"illegal aliens† and believe

AIM in London Stock Exchange Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

AIM in London Stock Exchange - Research Paper Example The main advantage of this system is that it has reduced the regulatory barriers and constraints and has been able to attract new firms in the market and lot of investment in the market. Alternative investment Market is required to comply and abide by certain specified rules and regulations that has been established in accordance with the rules and regulations that has been established by the act of Financial Services and Market. The Alternative investment market does not include the corporate governance and therefore it has been advised that the NOMADS are required to follow the principles or regulations that have been introduced by the London stock exchange. The rules and regulations includes that the Nomads must be the member of the firm that is associated with professionals of corporate finance and it is required to be approved by the London Stock exchange. The exchange has also provided benefit for the private regulators that is an incentive will be offered for enhancing its value in the market. The main objective behind appointing the Nomads are that it is appointed as the private gate keepers or as the watch dog in deciding whether the companies that are willing to list their shares in the market are appropriate or preferable for the market and they are the supervisors for monitoring the companies or the firms for ensuring that the standards related to the exchange that is regulated by the corporate governance are fulfilled. The needs and requirements of AIM are very flexible in nature and it does not require market capitalization and also trading requirement. It measures the appropriate value of the cost of the investors. The regulators of Alternative investment market that is the nomads are engaged in the preparation of the working capital report, pro forma financial information, historical financial information and also the report on the financial procedures. The importance of AIM can be observed from the fact that AIM is flourishing and its

Movie on Social Network Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Movie on Social Network - Essay Example Facebook is one of the most leading social networking websites. According to a survey it has more than 800 million active members. But the Facebook did not come from thin air like that. In fact the idea evolved from Facemash, the predecessor to Facebook. On October 2003, Mark Zuckerberg while attending Harvard as an undergraduate made this site in which pictures of girls from the nine houses, placing two next to each other were compared as hot or not. However, authorities took notice and Mark was charged for violating rules and breaching security. But this incident gave Mark his first recognition. Though initially promising his expert programming skills in making a social network HarvadConnections.com to his seniors, Mark changed his mind. And with the help of his friends especially Eduardo Saverin , who was the co founder and did the initial investment, launched â€Å"The FACEBOOK†. During the course time Mark met the entrepreneur Sean Parker, who advised him on various matters. And in summer 2004, base of operations was shifted to California Investors like Peter Theil from PayPal invested in and THE FACEBOOK became FACEBOOK. By that time it had over 300,000 members, 160 schools including 5 in Europe. Various features like relationship status, nonstop server, tagging pictures and the â€Å"wall† were introduced. At this time shares were allotted, Mark 51%, Eduardo 34.4%, and Sean7 % and so on. Later Eduardo 34.4%, were diluted to0 .03% and was thrown out of the company as more companies were coming in, and Sean became the President of the company (Fincher, 2010). Celebrating their millionth member party Sean was caught by the cops on using drugs. At that point, the seniors from Harvard had filed a case in the federal court against the facebook, and claimed that it was initially their idea. Eventually, they received settlement money and signed a non

Interviews on Reform Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Interviews on Reform - Assignment Example This type of community is comprised of mainly adults. Public schools provide an opportunity to meet and interact at different negotiation points. It becomes easy for students to interact with individuals from diverse values and backgrounds. Public schools comprise of students with a diverse range of abilities and disabilities. The backgrounds provide individuals from different cultural, ethnic and socioeconomic background. The diverse environment exposes the students to different levels of interpersonal and communication issues. The numbers of students in a public school provide students with a different environment as compared to that provided by home schools and private schools. Students are able to engage in team projects and competitive sports with a diverse platform (Turnbull, Turnbull, & Wehmeyer, 2008). What are the major problems in need of reform or improvement? The public schools are faced with challenges that require reforms. Schools face challenges ranging from the struct ure, curriculum, the school’s mission, experiences and specifically. The first problem faced by American public schools is the school size. 70% of schools in America have an access of up to 2500 students. This compromises the quality of education received by students. The ration of students to teachers is as large as 100 students per teacher. Minimized attention comes with high dropout rates due to the overcrowding problems. The issue of the public curricula also comes as a concern for the reformists. The structure of the public schools curricula fails to impart on the academic and knowledge skills. To improve the structure, the schools require improvement on the subjects provided, including the period taken to complete the curriculum. The missions of schools have hindered the progress of school improvements. The mission of public school is to prepare the students to adopt into the high school curriculum. Interdisciplinary units and lesson plans increase in complexity on an a nnual basis. In relation to curricular demands, student diversity and accountability, the lesson plan and activities are bound to change. Working on Social Studies, Technology, Art and Drama curriculums indicate a better diversity for the students. The curriculum demands for new state frameworks that require continual change. Standardization tests set through district policies dictate the instruction methods used and how they address the needs of English language learners. Linguistics of English come with a diverse implication in designing programs intended to range the learners according to their abilities. The importance of targeting a certain population while outlaying the lesson plan depends on various aspects. The rationale on interdisciplinary aspects while setting a lesson plan needs to consider different aspect including the language and culture, learning styles, active participation, learning strategies in specific areas of the lesson, development of thinking skills and tra nsfer process, student empowerment and parental involvement (Turnbull, Turnbull, & Wehmeyer, 2008). Recommendations: What do you think will â€Å"fix† the problem? Learning styles Learning styles involve using sheltered language while implementing learning strategies. It allows students to develop the subject matters through English language. Through using different learning styles, teachers apply comprehensive lessons aiding in the

Business analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Business analysis - Essay Example Requirements 7 2.2.2. Concerns of Stakeholders 7 2.3. Confirmation of Results of Elicitation 8 2.3.1. Confirmed Requirements 8 2.2.2. Confirmed Concerns of Stakeholders 8 3. Analysis of Requirements 8 3.6. Requirements Verification 8 References 9 2. Elicitation 2.1. Description of Elicitation Group Preparations 2.1.1. Preparation for Elicitation 2.1.1.1. Scheduled Resources Business needs stem from identified gaps in the current business conditions of the art institute versus its identified long-term goals and objectives. The Brisbane Institute of Art or BIA has identified several strategic goals and objectives that it wishes to pursue moving forward, centering on the need to improve the financial viability of the institute, which in turn depends on improving services quality, student enrollment and retention, and overall satisfaction levels of students and other organization stakeholders, including sponsors and potential new members. The business needs are therefore to be threshed o ut in terms of how the different aspects of the organization's activities, from business processes to systems used to the programs offered, to the tuition and fees and the course schedules, support or hinder the achievement of the long-term goals (International Institute of Business Analysis, 2009, pp. 53-61). The business case is valid, and stems from the institute's need to upgrade its operational capabilities and to improve its general level of business. There are many aspects to those. Among them, identified in the previous section, are manual processes that hinder operational effectiveness, as well as online properties that are based on somewhat antiquated technologies, that require upgrades in order for the institute to improve services to students and subsequently improve enrollment and revenues (International Institute of Business Analysis, 2009, pp. 53-61

Criminal Investigations & Criminal Evidence Essay Example for Free

Criminal Investigations Criminal Evidence Essay Why is non-verbal communication important when testifying before a jury, and what suggestions do you have for helping a testifying officer make a positive impression on a jury? Jurors are selected by the judge, prosecution and the defending attorney. The judge will provide the list of potential jurors to both the prosecution and the defending attorney for the selection process to participate in the trial case. For either the prosecutor or the defending attorney jury selecting a jury is normally very similar in its process. The selection of the jurors is completed after the trial initiation and the arraignment and plea. The Sixth Amendment provides the any American citizen the right to an impartial jury (Hess Orthmann Hess, 2013). The process both the prosecution and the defending attorney use to select a juror is called â€Å"voir dire† (the preliminary examination of a witness or juror to determine his or her competency to give or hear evidence). These people are questioned by both the prosecutor and the defense attorney. During this process the potential jurors are questioned about a number of things, from their religious practices to things that have happened to them. The reason for these open ended questions is to see if the juror will be biased against the accused, or may have beliefs that will harm a case (Hill, 2005)(Hess Orthmann Hess, 2013). Both the prosecution and the defending attorney utilize some common tactics and potential jury processing techniques. Both parties study their case and establish a tactics to confront the potential jurist with. They may even hire a Philologist with jury selection specialty training to assist their jury selection. First is the belief and attitude examination of the juror (Hess Orthmann Hess, 2013). References Hess Orthmann, C. H., Hess, K. M. (2013). Criminal Investigation (10th Ed). Clifton Park, NY: Cengage Publishing. Business Law. Anti Essays. Retrieved January 12, 2013, from the World Wide Web: http://www.antiessays.com/free-essays/222945.html

Energy Drinks Market in Denmark Essay Example for Free

Energy Drinks Market in Denmark Essay 1. Introduction Danish soft drinks sales have recorded positive volume growth in recent years. Strong volume growth was recorded in energy drinks sales attributed to the aggressive marketing and new product launches. Some of the major players in the Danish energy drink market are Burn and Red Bull. Accordingly, the main aim of this report will be to identify and analyze the possible ways for Burn energy drink product to compete with the world famous energy drink Red Bull which has recently entered into Danish energy drink market in 2009. 1. 1 Problem Description In 2009, the Danish Veterinary and Food Administration approved the increase of caffeine level in energy drink. This has given a wide-open-door for beverage companies to develop in this segment. Taking advantage of this opportunity, Red bull the world’s most famous energy drink company, started to compete within the Danish energy drink market. On the other hand, Coca-cola Denmark also considered it as an opportunity to further develop product chain of its energy drink Burn. In Denmark, Burn has been dominating the energy drink market so far but now with the entry of Red Bull into the market it will now have to strategically develop its marketing mix to find a better way to compete with Red Bull and maintain its dominant position. 1. 2 Problem Statement We define the problem question for our research as follows: How could Burn compete with Red Bull on the Danish energy drink market? To support main question we have formulated some sub questions. They are as follows: 1. 2. 1 What is the preference of customers between Burn and Red Bull? 1. 2. 2 How should Burn products be developed and how should they be priced? 1. 2. 3 How should Coca-cola Denmark promote and distribute Burn? 1. 3 Definitions 1. 3. 1 Energy drink Energy drink can be defined as a drink or the beverage that contains higher doses of caffeine and other stimulating agents that give you instant energy. The doses of the caffeine and the stimulants are legally approved by the government health authorities. The main purpose of drinking an Energy drink is to get an instant energy to your body. 1. 3. 2 Burn energy drink. Burn Energy Drink is a functional beverage, mixture of 14 ingredients that come in a 16 ounce can and is available at almost every grocery store or convenience store across Denmark. It is one of the products of Coca-Cola Company. 1. 3. 3 Red Bull energy drink Red Bull Energy Drink is a functional beverage, specially developed for periods of increased mental and physical exertion. It can be drunk in virtually any situation: during sports, at work, whilst driving and during leisure activities. 1. 4 Demarcations (Scope and limitation of the study) As every report has its limitations, this report is also subject to various limitations. This report is based on two products, Burn and Red Bull which are the products of The Coca-Cola Company and The Red Bull Company respectively. These two companies have various product categories; however this report will be focused only on those two products among wide category of energy drink in energy drink sector. As far as the market place is concerned, this report is limited to the Danish market. Most of the consumers of energy drinks in Danish market are mainly the younger people aged 18-25. Considering this fact we have selected this age group as our target group. 2 Theoretical Background. This section of the report helps to provide the broad theoretical framework used for interpreting the research presented in this report. Various marketing theories have been applied as a background in this report. Theory of Market segmentation is used to analyze Burn and Red Bull in the Danish Market. To analyze the competition between Burn and Red Bull, Competitor Benchmark Analysis is used. Finally Using the theory of Marketing Mix (4 Ps), recommendation to Burn has been made to successfully develop its marketing campaign so that it can increase its sales and compete with Red Bull. 2. 1 Market segmentation. Market segmentation will be identified by taking into consideration the demographic variables (like gender, different age group and life style) and geographical locations (various cities of Denmark) like Center of Copenhagen, Sj? lland, Fyn and Jylland 2. 2 Competitive Benchmark Analysis Competitive benchmark of Burn will be made with its direct competitor, Red Bull. For this we will take various factors which are flavor, taste, brand, price, place (convenient to buy), packaging and effectiveness of the products. During our group discussion these factors came up as the most relevant criteria for making competitive benchmark. Accordingly, respondents were asked to rate and evaluate both Burn and Red Bull on those factors during the online survey. 2. 3 Marketing Mix (4 Ps) Marketing Mix i. e. 4 Ps will be taken as theoretical base for providing recommendation to Burn after the analysis of data and findings are presented. Accordingly, Product, Price, Place and Promotion Strategy will be presented in order for Burn to successfully compete against its rival Red Bull. Then after, the conclusion will be made. 3 Methodology Description This section of the report gives information about the stages that we went through while doing the research and writing the report. 3. 1 Research Design We chose exploratory design as our research design. We have a research problem which is unstructured. We do not have enough information about our topic for which we have to investigate more on our topic. Both Qualitative and quantitative data collection methods are used. To gain more and more information and insights about the problem topic, Qualitative research design was chosen. Using qualitative data collection method, it became easier for us to change translate and reformulate our unstructured questions. Quantitative method is also used in order to check the validity of the results obtained from qualitative method. For quantitative data collection we tried to get as many respondents as possible who can represent the total population. 3. 2 Primary and secondary data collection For this research we have chosen both Qualitative and Quantitative data collection method for primary data. Similarly, wherever required, we have also used secondary data from the articles, publications and website of the company as well as blogs and other relevant news articles. 3. 3 Qualitative data collection To collect the qualitative data, a focus group interview was conducted. We prepared the interview guide for the focus group which is attached in the appendix. The focus group contained 11 members who are the students from 2nd semester class at Niels Brock. After the completion of interview process we also took a blind test among the focus group interview participants plus 15 other students. Students were chosen randomly. Each of them were given to drink two glasses, one filled with Burn and another filled with Red Bull and were asked which one they like and how they taste. The responses from the participants were used for the analysis. 3. 4 Quantitative data collection To collect quantitative data, we prepared structured questionnaire. It consisted of 15 questions (open and closed ended questions). We posted our research questionnaire in the Facebook blogs and invited 600 Facebook users through simple random method. We got only 116 responses and of which only 77 respondents answered all questions of questionnaire. So in this research 77 respondents are our total number of observation. In other words our sample size is 77 which represent the total population of energy drink customers in Denmark. 4 Presentation and analysis of data The presentation and analysis of data has been categorized as Market segmentation and Competitor Benchmark. 4. 1 Market Segmentation of energy drinks 4. 1. 1 Analysis of Focused group interview: During the focused group interview, 11 participants were asked about the consumption of energy drink every week. Among the participants, 1 participant consumes 5 or more cans per week. 4 respondents consume 3 to 4 cans and 1-2 cans as well. Whereas, 2 respondents consume less than 1 can of energy drink. Thus their consumption habit is around 1-4 cans per week. When there was a discussion about the occasions during which they consume the energy drink, most of the answers was during workout, training or going to sports and when mixing with alcohol. There was also a discussion about having coffee instead of energy drink when one is tired. 6 participants said that they prefer coffee whereas others preferred energy drink. Regarding price, most of the respondents voted for cheaper one, less than 20 DKK and between15-17 DKK. 4. 1. 2 Analysis of Online questionnaire survey The willingness of various age groups towards energy drink is illustrated in the diagram below. It shows that 56% of respondents from age group 18 to 25 years are interested in energy drink. Figure 1 Willingness of various age-groups towards energy drink Source: Appendix 4 Similarly, 20% of respondents from the age group below 18 and 26-35 years age group showed their interest in energy drink. But only 4% of the elderly respondents are interested in energy drink. Thus, it can be seen that the highest number of people from the age group 18-25 years are interested in the energy drink. Figure 2 Willingness towards energy drink by gender Source: Appendix 5 The above figure shows that 68% of male population is interested in energy drink whereas only 32% of female population is interested in Energy drink. Figure 3 Willingness towards energy drink by location Source: Appendix 6 According to the above figure, most of the respondents from center of Copenhagen are interested in energy drink. 68% respondents from the Copenhagen region and 32% respondents from Sj? land region showed interest in energy drink. While analysisng the age wise consumption of energy drink which is illustrated in the figure below it has been seen that the data is bit conflicting. Figure 4 Age wise consumption of energy drink Source: Appendix 7 As shown by the diagram, those who almost never drink energy drinks are higher in age group 18 to 25 years. But again, those drinking from 1-2 cans per week are also higher number in age category 18-25 years but less compared to those who never drink. But what can be concluded that those who drinks energy drinks they normally consume 12 cans per week and are higher in 18-25 years category. Analyzing the preferred occasions when customers usually like to drink energy drink, the research show that customers usually prefer it to mix with alcohol as their first preference and then drinking when they are tired. Figure 5 Occasional preference of Energy Drink by gender Source: Appendix 8 The above graph shows most of both females and males consume energy drink when they mix with alcohol. 22 females out of 35 female respondents (63%) and 19 males out of 42 male respondents (45%) said they consume it when they mix with alcohol. Similarly 43% of female and 40 % of male respondents answered that they take energy drink when they are tired. Likewise, 11% female and 33% male said that they take it when they go to sports. 14% of female and 21% of male chose energy drink when they are thirsty and 6% of female and 7% of male chose for other occasions. Figure 6 Customers willingness to pay for the energy drink Source: Appendix 9. Relating to the price it can be clearly seen from the figure above that 18-25 years age group which is the target customers for energy drinks are willing to pay 16-20 DKK for the energy drinks where as 26-35 years age group are willing to pay 10-15 DKK for the drink. 4. 2 Competitor Benchmark (Burn and Red Bull) 4. 2. 1 Analysis of Focused group interview: During the focused group interview, 8 out of 11 participants preferred Red Bull. Only 3 preferred Burn. When there was a discussion of product features like taste, flavor and effectiveness of the products; participants said that effectiveness of the product is important. During the blind test 26 participants were made to taste both Burn and Red Bull drinks blindfolded. Table 1 Preference of product by tasting without knowing the product (Blind Test) BurnRed BullBoth Total no. of participant (26)9152 The research showed that Red Bull was highly preferred by the participants with 58% appreciating the taste of Red Bull. Burn was preferred by only 35% of the participants. 4. 2. 2 Analysis of Online questionnaire survey The illustration of various measures to which the consumer gave importance when buying energy drink is shown in the figure below. Figure 7 Customers’ emphasis when buying energy drink. Source: Appendix 10 We found data of customers according to the importance they give to various measures or elements when they want to buy an energy drink. The above graph shows that 53% of the total respondents said flavor is very important when they buy energy drink. About taste, 60% said it is very important. None of the respondents said that it is not important at all. Talking about brand, only 19% said very important, 34% said important, 30% said not so important and 17% said not important at all. About price, 51 %( more than half population) said that it is very important. Only 5% said not so important and no respondents said that it is not important at all. So far as convenient place to buy is concerned, 29% said very important, 54% said important. When packaging is concerned 16% said very important, 29% said important 39% said not so important and 16% said not important at all. When it is about effectiveness, 44% said it is very important, 38% said important. Thus the analysis shows that flavor, taste, price, convenient buying options and effectiveness of the drinks are important for customers where as brand and packaging are not that important in buying decision. Based on the various factors to which the consumers give preference when buying energy drinks, comparative analysis between Burn and Red Bull has been carried out. This can be described from the figure given below. We asked the respondents to evaluate Burn and Red Bull giving them 4 options (Very Good, Good, Bad, Very Bad). But here in the analysis we have taken only two options as we think these two options are sufficient for comparative analysis. Figure 8 Comparison of Burn and Red Bull based on the various factors Source: Appendix 11 The above figure shows the customers preference between Burn and Red Bull on the various factors which are important for their buying decision. 34% of the total respondents said the flavor of Burn is good and 23% said very good while 48% and 29% said the flavor of Red Bull is good and very good respectively. Similarly, 39% and 13% of the total respondents said the taste of Burn is good and very good respectively while 52% and 29% respectively chose good and very good for the taste of Red Bull. As far as brand is considered, 39% and 26% said the Burn brand is good and very good respectively while 42% and 45% said Red Bull brand is good and very good respectively. When it is about price, 27% and 12% chose good and very good for Burn while 16% and 12% for Red Bull. 35% and 23% of total population said Burn is good and very good respectively when considering convenient to buy whereas for Red Bull it is 38% and 17% respectively. About packaging 36% and 22% answered good and very good for Burn while for Red Bull its 45% and 18%. Finally for the effectiveness of the product, 39% and 18% respectively chose good and very good for Burn while it is 45% and 25% for Red Bull. Thus the analysis shows that customers highly prefer Red Bull while relating to flavor, taste, and brand. On the other hand, with relating to price, convenient to buy and nice packaging, customers seemed to prefer Burn. So far as the effectiveness is concerned, Preference towards Red Bull is high but the difference is not so much. 5 Findings and summary of the analysis According to the analysis presented above, it can be seen that the energy drink market segmentation is more concentrated on the costumers between age group of 18-25 and that the customers are dominantly male rather than female. Looking at the geographic distribution the market segment is undoubtedly concentrated on Copenhagen with to some extent also in Sj? land. However, the other fact is also that since Copenhagen is the largest city with dense population this result is quite obvious. The other important findings of the study regarding the life style of the customers relating to the consumption of energy drinks is that energy drinks are excessively consumed as a mix in alcohol and then it is consumed while people get tired. Also energy drinks are often consumed just 1 or 2 cans per week. Normally customers are willing to pay 16-20 DKK for the drink. The analysis shows that in general the customers give high importance to the flavor, taste, price, effectiveness and buying convenience while making their buying decisions of energy drinks and that the brand and packaging are not of importance for the customers. Keeping this in mind the competitor benchmark of Burn and Red Bull Red Bull clearly shows that though Red Bull being a new entrant in the Danish market it has succeeded in taking good share of energy drink market in Denmark. Red Bull is preferred by customers in terms of its flavor, taste which are important factor in general for customers while making their buying decisions. Similarly, with the effectiveness as well Red Bull is preferred by customers in comparison to Burn. Burn is preferred by customers in packaging which not of important factor for customers. But Burn still dominate Red Bull in terms of its easy availability at stores which is due to the fact that it is distributed by Carlsberg Brewery which is considered to have a very strong distribution channel in Danish market. (footnote) Again at price Burn is rated better owing to the fact that they are cheaper than Red Bull. Of course with the brand Red Bull is rated much better as it is an internationally recognized brand. 6 Recommendations Based on above findings following recommendations have been suggested for Burn to improve its products, promotion and pricing strategy. The recommendations will be based on the marketing mix (4 Ps) which is product, price, place and promotion. 6. 1 Product Since the research findings show that Red Bull has dominant preference by customers in terms of flavor, taste and effectiveness, therefore Burn has to come up with innovative product development in order to provide added value to its product so that customers preferences divert towards Burn. Therefore, considerable amount of resources and time should be spent on research and development of variety of flavors and appealing taste with its product. Since the market segment of the energy drink is mostly 18-25 years old and that they consume it as mix in alcohol so the taste preference of these age group should be taken into consideration and the flavor and taste should be developed which is appealing while mixing with alcohol as well. 6. 2 Price Relating to the price, Burn is cheaper that Red Bull and realizing the fact that Red Bull is gaining market share it is wise to maintain its low price strategy. 6. 3 Place The research show Burn with strong placement but since strong distribution channel is its one of core competencies it has to fully utilize this competences to move ahead form Red Bull to place its products at all the convenient stores. The major priority should be given to Copenhagen since it’s the main market segment but again taking advantage of its well managed distribution channel it should also focus on other cities where Red Bull are not able to reach due to lack of experience with the Danish market. 6. 4 Promotion A well planned advertising strategy should be developed mainly targeting on the 18-25 years age group and again the male customers who are the major customers of energy drinks. Though Red Bull is world recognized brand, Burn also has its brand reputation as it is a product of world class Coca Cola Company. Thus advertising campaign should also be focused to create awareness of the Coca Cola brand among the customers while promoting Burn which can positively influence customers’ choice. 7 Conclusion Based on the research analysis and findings, it can be concluded that within the Danish energy drinks market Burn is definitely getting a tough competition from Red Bull despite the fact the Red Bull is a new entrant in Danish market. Its global brand recognition has provided Red Bull with competitive strength which can be a serious threat to Burn in coming future. Therefore it is a must for Burn to take timely action and initiate necessary marketing strategies to compete with Red Bull. Burn has low price advantage as well as strong distribution channel which provide Burn with an edge in the competitive market and therefore it needs to look more into product development and promotion strategy in order to compete with Red Bull and thus gain success in the competitive energy drink market. 8. References Books David Jobber. (2007). Principles and Practice of Marketing. UK. McGraw-Hill Education Pervez GH, Kjell Gr. (2005). Research Methods in Business Studies. UK. Pearson Education Bryman, A. and Bell, E. (2007). Business Research Methods. 2nd Ed. UK. Oxford University Press Burns, A. C. and Bush, R. F. (2006) Marketing Research, 5th ed. , Prentice Hall Kotler, P. and Keller, K. L. (2006) Marketing Management, 12th ed. , Prentice Hall Svend Hollensen, (2007) Global Marketing – a decision-oriented approach, Websites http://www. euromonitor. com/Soft_Drinks_in_Denmark http://advantageaustria. org/dk/news/local/Red-Bull-und-Shark. en. jsp http://www. aeofooddrink. com/34. php http://www. dietspotlight. com/burn-energy-drink-review/ http://www. redbull. com/cs/Satellite/en_INT/Products/Red-Bull-Energy-Drink-021242751115866?p=1242745950125#/product-FAQ 9 Appendices Appendix. 1 Questionnaire Dear respondents, we make this survey in order to obtain more comprehensive knowledge about the energy drink sector in Denmark, particularly the two big brands: Burn and RedBull. So we would highly appreciate if you spend a few minutes answering our questionnaire. Your information will be treated anonymously! 1. How interested are you in energy drinks? oVery interested oInterested oNot very interested oNot intererested at all 2. How often do you drink energy drinks? oAlmost never oFrom 1 2 cans per week. oFrom 2-5 cans per week oMore than 5 cans per week 3. ON WHAT OCCASIONS DO YOU DRINK ENERGY DRINKS? oWhen Im tired oWhen Im thirsty oWhen I go to sports oWhen I mix with alcohol oOther (please specify in the box below) 4. Where do you often buy energy drinks? oIn the super markets oIn the bars oIn Seven Eleven oIn small shops (eg: gas station, kiosk etc) oOther (please specify in the box) 5. How much would you like to pay for an energy drink? o10 15 Kr o16 20 Kr o21 25 Kr oMore than 25 Kr 6. How important are the following factors when you buy energy drinks? Very important Important Not so important not important at all Good flavor Good taste Good brand Reasonable price Convenient to buy Nice packaging The effectiveness of the drinks 7. Which of these brands do you know? oBurn oRed Bull oNone of them 8. Which one of these brands do you prefer? oBurn oRed Bull oNone of them 9. How do you evaluate RED BULL in the following factors? Very goodGoodNot good-not badBad Very bad Brand Taste Flavor Price Convenient to buy Packaging Effectiveness 10. Do you have any recommendations for RED BULL to better meet your satisfaction? oI dont know oIm already very satisfied oI would recommend as follows: 11. How do you evaluate BURN in the following factors? Very good Good Not good-not bad Bad Very bad Brand Taste Flavor Price Convenient to buy Packaging Effectiveness 12. Do you have any recommendations for BURN to better meet your satisfaction? oI dont know oIm already very satisfied! oI would recommend as follows: 13. What is your age? oYounger than 18 years old oFrom 18 25 years old oFrom 26 35 years old 14. What is your gender? oMale oFemale 15. Which part of Denmark do you live in? oCenter of Copenhagen oSj? lland oFyn oJylland Appendix 2 Interview guide for focus group What criteria do people choose when they buy energy drink products? Are different flavors important? What occasion do they drink energy drink? Eg: when they’re tired, or mix with strong alcohol, etc. What product name(s) do they like? Why? Do they know Burn/Red Bull? Where do they buy? Do they like Burn/Red Bull products? How much should a can of energy drink cost? Appendix 3 Fokus gruppe analyse 2. Semester klasse Niels Brock Lien, Niraj, Silas og Michelle Market research Alle kender begge 11 deltager 8 ud af 11 kan lide red bull Dog viste det at 6 ud af 11 faktisk kun valgte Red Bull efter blinde smagning Smagen er bedre, burn er for sodt. (inden smagning af begge m? rker) Hvor mange energidrinks drikker du per uge? 1 drikker 4-5 cans a week 4 3-4 cans 4 1-2 cans 2 mindre end 1 Hvornar drikker du energidrinks? Sprut, tr? ning, Det er meget i forhold til det at man drikker alkohol. Enighed blandt minimum 8 af deltagerne Dog drikker mange det ogsa hvis de er tr? tte eller skal til tr? ning efter en lang dag i skole. Kaffe frem for energi drink hvis man kan lide det hvis man er tr? t og skal videre, dette mener 6 ud af 11 af deltagerne hvor de andre ikke kan lide kaffe eller mener at en energi drik er bedre†¦ Hvor meget vil du betale for en energidrink? Ikke mere end 20kr, mellem15-17kr ca er de fleste villige til at betale Men ville kobe den billigste hvis de stod mod hinanden pa hylden i super marked. Energien er mere vigtig end smagen. Irriterende reklamer – for meget nogenhed – provokerende reklamer – mener 2 af deltagerne, Red Bull promoverer ikke sadan (I Dk hvert fald).

The Issue Of Underage Drinking Social Work Essay

The Issue Of Underage Drinking Social Work Essay The issue and prevalence of young people (under 18) drinking alcohol in recent years has become a matter of increasing public concern, with current trends amongst the worst in Europe (Gunning et al 2010). Drinking during childhood, particularly heavy drinking is associated with a range of problems including physical and mental health problems, alcohol-related accidents, violence, and anti-social behaviour (Gunning et al 2010). Young bodies are still growing, and alcohol can harm their development; regular drinking can lead to cancer, liver disease, and heart disorders in later life (Bateman 2011). Deaths from liver disease have risen vastly in the 25-34 age groups over the last 10 years; thought to be a consequence of increased drinking starting from an earlier age (Thomson et al 2008). In England in 2007/2008, more than 7600 children under 17 were admitted to hospital as a result of drinking alcohol (Gunning et al 2010). It is believed that young people who start drinking alcohol at an early age, drink more, and drink more often than those who delay the onset of drinking until they are older. They are also more likely to develop alcohol abuse/dependence problems in adolescence and adulthood; dependence is also likely to occur from a much younger age (Gunning et al 2010). A recent survey carried out in 2010 by the National Centre for Social Research (NatCen) to determine the smoking, drinking and drug use of secondary school pupils aged 11 to 15; (7,674 pupils in 247 schools through the use of questionnaires) interestingly found that the proportion of young people who have drunk alcohol had decreased in comparison with earlier findings from 28 per cent in 2001 to 21 per cent in 2006 (DH 2008). However it must be stated that although there had been a marked decrease in the number of young people who had drunk alcohol; many of the 11 to 15 year olds who do drink were described to be consuming larger amounts of alcohol, more often, to deliberately get drunk (Bateman 2011). This study also conveyed that 18% of pupils had drunk alcohol recently, is equivalent to around 540,000 young people (Gunning et al 2010); suggesting that more still needs to be done to reverse these prominent trends, as despite the marked decrease alcohol misuse in young people is sti ll a serious problem that is affecting the health of the youth today and greatly impacting the wider community, in that alcohol misuse carries a financial burden; and has been estimated to cost nearly  £11,000 million each year, in terms of health, social welfare and criminal justice resources (Waller et al 2002). Collecting this type of data can prove difficult, as drug and alcohol misuse are of a sensitive nature and often individuals do not wish to share this information candidly when questioned. It is particularly difficult to obtain from young people (under the age of 18), as this often has to be carried out within a school environment, via questionnaires. The extent to which honest reporting occurs is again complex, as young people will often exaggerate to peers, and conceal from parents (Gunning et al 2010). Honesty is not the only factor affecting accuracy of responses in young people, precision of estimates and the recall of the amount of alcohol drunk can also be problematic, given that pupils patterns of behaviour between the ages of 11 and 15 may be described as experimental and sporadic opposed to habitual and regular (Gunning et al 2010). The National Treatment Agency (NTA) has recently stated that young peoples substance misuse is a relatively new area of academic study and so r esearch on effective treatment interventions are inconsistent (NTA 2010). It is widely acknowledged that alcohol misuse in youth is inextricably linked to a number of factors; including the influence of parents/family, peers, environment, culture and socio-economic status (Templeton et al 2006). According to the Acheson report (1999), dependency upon alcohol is significantly correlated with socio-economic position, suggesting that the problem is one that is beyond the chemical impact of the substance itself (Nacro Youth Crime Section 1999) coinciding with more recent National statistics and research studies that indicate, as well as sex and age, socio-economic status, ethnicity and geographical area of residence are among the factors linked to levels and patterns of harmful alcohol consumption (Waller et al 2002). In order to target the issue of alcohol misuse within young people, these factors needed to be taken into account and have since been the guide by which policies regarding youth and alcohol are implemented (DH 2008); therefore providing alcohol education in schools; beginning in the primary phase, well before patterns of regular drinking become established, designed to educate and advise young people on sensible drinking patterns and the dangerous effects it may have upon them (DH 2008). Parents and carers also have a responsibility for whether their children drink, at all, and if they do, how much and how frequently they drink. However, for parents to feel confident when talking to their children about alcohol and to empower them to set appropriate boundaries they need guidance from the appropriate services (DH 2008). In terms of government strategies, to target the issue of alcohol misuse in young people; the coalitions programme for government published in May 2010, outlines proposals designed to restrict the supply of alcohol to young people, less than 18 years of age, by increasing the control given to councils to close outlets that persistently sell alcohol to children; and to increase the maximum fines for under-age alcohol sales. Additionally, there will be a ban on the sales of alcohol at below cost price (Gunning et al 2010), and a review of alcohol pricing and taxation, both policies expected to have particular impact on young drinkers (Gunning et al 2010). Whilst these policies are currently weighted towards prevention, and adopting preventative strategies, recent statistics suggest that the majority of young people accessing services and interventions have problems with alcohol (37%) and cannabis (53%) (NTA 2010), thus suggesting that more needs to be done in the preventative stages of alcohol awareness in children; as evidence suggests that the problem is clearly still on-going. The choice and effectiveness of treatment approaches is typically dependent on a range of factors, such as the individual characteristics of the client for example motivation, family life, social circumstances and environment; in addition to the particular drug or drugs that are being used (Crow Reeves 1994). The National Treatment Agency (NTA) defines young peoples treatment as: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ care planned medical, psychosocial or specialist harm reduction interventions aimed at alleviating current harm caused by a young persons substance misuse (NTA 2010). Young people with drug related needs are supported by interventions and services within a four-tiered model of drug and alcohol interventions which consists of a General Frontline service delivery for young people and their families (first port of call) (tier 1), open-access services (such as drop in) (tier 2), Drug treatment within the community (Shared care) (tier 3) and residential drug treatment (specialist services) (tier 4) (NTA 2006). Young drug and alcohol users are believed to differ from adults as they will typically not have used drugs for a prolonged period of time, in order to have developed a dependency to a substance; and as a result affecting the type of treatment generally provided to young people (Frontier Economics 2010). Young people are most likely to require psychosocial, harm reduction and family interventions, opposed to treatment for addiction, which most adults but only a small minority of young people require (Frontier Economics 2010). Psychosocial interventions are known as non-pharmacological interventions typically involving structured counselling, motivational enhancement, case management, and care-coordination, psychotherapy, and relapse prevention. The intention is to encourage behavioural and emotional change, with the support of lifestyle adjustments and the enhancement of coping skills (Frontier economics 2011). The most common form of therapy offered for substance misuse is some form of counselling; this may take the form of counselling for the drug problem itself, for example thoughts about using, coping strategies for reducing or counselling concerning the surrounding issues that impact on drug use (Lewis et al 2009). Counselling is a flexible approach and can be used to respond to a wide variety of circumstances surrounding misuse (Rounsaville Carroll 1992). It is possible to identify two general approaches to counselling in use in community drug services, the first being, counselling to tackle the personal problems, underlying drug misuse and the second being that of support and advice to help manage the consequences of drug misuse (Bryant- Jeffries 2001). The vast majority of young people accessing specialist treatment need and receive counselling, sometimes alongside their families to address the underlying causes and consequences of substance misuse. Such psychosocial interventions are the most common form of support accessed by under-18s (Frontier Economics 2011). The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) coincides with the idea of the counselling theory, and has recommended that offering brief, one-to-one advice on the harmful effects of alcohol use, and how to reduce the risks and find sources of support, is an effective approach for tackling harmful drinking amongst children and young people (NICE 2007). The most common counselling approach to drug treatment has been cognitive behavioural approaches. The cognitive behavioural approach relies greatly on getting the user to focus on identifying problems and solutions. Cognitive behavioural counselling can be used to promote abstinence or gradual control of drug use, with an emphasis on teaching cognitive and behavioural techniques to resist drug use and related behaviours. The cognitive element of CBT is concerned with getting users to identify the reasons why they misuse, and in particular getting them to identify maladaptive thought patterns that lead them to engage in destructive behaviour (Jarvis 1995). The behavioural aspect of CBT is about helping people to look at the signs that encourage them to misuse drugs and to help them develop alternative ways of behaving (Jarvis 1995). NICE has recommended cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) as an effective intervention for treating young peoples substance misuse (NICE 2007). Providing CBT in a group setting may help young people to role-play and practice coping with high-risk experiences. The group setting allows young people to share similar problems, develop social skills, model, rehearse and gain peer feedback (NICE 2007). NICE also recommends that brief interventions using motivational interview techniques can be used as one-off interventions, or to facilitate engagement with more structured specialist substance misuse treatment (NICE 2007). Implying that individuals with social networks supportive of drinking will benefit especially from a programme that encourages attendance at AA meetings, because it is the most effective means of eliminating heavy drinking friends and acquaintances from the social network (Connors, Tonigan and Miller, 2001). Although NICE states that a group setting is beneficial in helping young people overcome their alcohol abuse it may in fact be criticised, as young people, especially troubled young people may be overwhelmed by group influences, either in treatment among peers who are also recovering from chemical dependence or else after leaving treatment, in the form of familiar drug-using groups (Peele 1987). And so the most successful types of counselling approach used for young people needs to take into account their age, as being amongst adults with alcohol issues would not be beneficial to a young person as adults are often described as dependent requiring more intensive forms of treatment; young people will have often not reached this stage of dependence and so these adult influences may cause further negative impacts on the impressionable young (Geldard 2010). Type of personality needs to be taken into account in order to discover which counselling approach would be most appropriate and succ essful for them as an individual, as some individuals may respond best to a one-to-one approach, being able to fully open up to one person (the counsellor). Whereas some may find it easier to speak within a group setting with peers, learning from others experiences. Counselling is often described as a flexible approach (Rounsaville Carroll, 1992) and therefore can be adopted to meet the needs of individual cases and respond to a wide variety of circumstances surrounding misuse; in addition utilising a flexible approach suggests that it allows for the young person to access this service around other commitments such as school, so as to not jeopardise other important aspects and influences within their sphere of activity, flexibility of counselling will also allow for the involvement of the family, with evidence to suggest that family involvement enhances assessment and intervention and increases motivation in treatment (Kaufman, 1992). As young people are often depicted as not yet i ndependent, family interventions are believed especially important in addressing the basis of their drug and alcohol involvement; (Kaufman, 1992). Also important is helping the family initiate and support the persons involvement in an appropriate treatment program (Kaufman, 1992). Within individual treatment, compared to group therapy it is believed that much more time can be spent on issues that are unique to the individual involved, a trait that needs to be evident when working with young people (Rounsaville Carroll 1992). Motivational interviewing has a number of similarities with cognitive behavioural techniques but has a somewhat different emphasis in that the role of the counsellor is less directive and the responsibility is very much on the client to identify ways of changing (Bryant -Jeffries 2001). It aims, through the counselling relationship, to engage clients in a process of change and assumes that an individuals level of motivation can be influenced by the interaction between the client and the therapist. Motivational interviewing assumes that behaviour is a prospect that can be worked on and developed (Bryant Jeffries 2001). It is concerned essentially with working with clients to address the confluence of factors that drug misusers consistently feel about changing their behaviour and hopefully encouraging them towards reducing or abstaining (Jarvis 1995). The theoretical basis of this approach is Prochaska and Di Clementes transtheoretical model of behaviour change or, as it is most frequently referred to, the stages of change model (Turnbull 2000). The stage of change model is a social cognition model; focusing upon readiness to change a potentially destructive form of health behaviour i.e. drug misuse. The model has been applied to other health behaviours such as eating disorders as well as to substance misuse (Wilson Schlam 2004). It refers to a five or six stage process that people go through in their thoughts about their readiness to change. A study of alcohol users found that the number of clients motivated to change was increased by 77% when motivational interviewing was used (Miller Sanchez 19 99). Motivational interviewing is believed to increases the effectiveness of more extensive psychosocial treatments; often the chosen method of treatment used in young people (NTA 2010). Motivational interviewing although successful, in adult treatment programmes, may not be the best choice of treatment to use when young people are concerned. As previously stated they are unlikely to have used drugs for a prolonged period of time, to develop dependencies (NTA 2010) and so readiness to change, or to contemplate change may not be something they have even thought about and so a pre-occupation with lifelong abstinence in a young population may not only be unnecessary but unrealistic, and may actually encourage regular relapse episodes (Peele 1987). Young people require guidance and cannot often think about the consequences of their actions, or the harm they are causing themselves by heavy drinking (DfES 2004). It is suggested that therapy should encourage the assumption of values toward work, accomplishment, family, and social institutions that facilitate the maturation process (Peele 1987). Harm Reduction is one of the key public health approaches to drug use in recent years (Riley et al 1999). The harm reduction approach attempts to define and discuss drug use in terms of the harm it can be said to cause, and respectively to look at ways of reducing levels of harm (Riley et al 1999). Harm reduction is a term that defines policies, programmes, services and actions that work to reduce the health and social economic harms to the individual, the family, communities or society that are associated with the use of drugs (Newcomb 1992) without necessarily reducing drug consumption (Wodak 2011). A harm reducing approach to illicit drug use focuses on attracting users to services, in the realisation of the fact that many people who have problems with their drug use are not in touch with services (Wodak 2011). Thus, harm reduction policies and programs are offered to those not willing or able to cease their drug use in the short-run; aiming to make services more accessible to drug users as a first step towards treatment; however, this philosophy remains compatible with an eventual goal of abstention (CAHM 2009); Programs requiring abstinence as an immediate goal cannot therefore be considered harm reduction (CAHM 2009). A goal sequence produced by the Aids and Drug Misuse report (ACMD 1988) provides a clear example of a harm reduction approach to drug use; firstly to discourage sharing, encourage the shift from injecting towards oral use, reduce the overall levels of illicit drug use and finally abstinence (ACMD 1988). Harm reduction accepts that some use of mind-altering substances is inevitable and that some level of drug use in society is normal (CAHM 2009), for young people and alcohol use this is most definitely the case, as most individuals have their first experiences of alcohol during their early teenage years (Marlatt Witkiewitz 2002). Based on the recent evidence young people would benefit from prevention programmes aimed to reduce the amount of harm experienced by young drinkers this may be seen as a more realistic and effective method for educating individuals about the possible consequences associated with alcohol consumption as opposed to abstinence within this particular age group (Marlatt Witkiewitz 2002). This suggests that Harm reduction in this sense is the best approach when looking at young people and alcohol misuse, as abstinence may be described as unlikely within this age group, acknowledging that most adolescents will drink, speaking of the possible harms may be enough to reduce harmful levels of drinking by the young person (Marlatt Witkiewitz 2002). The Life Skills Training Program and the Alcohol Misuse Prevention Study (AMPS) in the United States and the School Health and Alcohol Harm Reduction Project (SHAHRP) in Australia are described as large scale intervention studies that have been systematically designed and evaluated based on a harm reduction philosophy (Marlatt Witkiewitz 2002). The life skills training programmes is said to adopt a cognitive behavioural approach to drug abuse prevention; thus providing education on the effects of drugs, teaching skills for resisting social pressure to use drugs, and promoting the development of self-esteem and social skills (Marlatt Witkiewitz 2002). Whilst SHAHRP combines a harm reduction philosophy with skills training, alcohol education, and activities designed to encourage positive health behaviour change (Marlatt Witkiewitz 2002); Results from a study comparing an intervention group of students who participated in SHAHRP with a control group over a 3-year period, conveyed tha t students in SHAHRP had significantly lower levels of alcohol consumption and alcohol related harms (Marlatt Witkiewitz 2002). In conclusion, harm reduction seems the best approach for young people and alcohol use, it must be stated that they are not as advanced as adults who misuse alcohol thus require harm reduction leading to abstinence. Young people will often eventually mature out of harmful drinking behaviour (Marlatt Witkiewitz 2002) and so harm reduction at such a stage should be an appropriate practice in order to highlight the harmful effects to young people enough so that it reduces overall consumption. We need to be able to convince children that life is worth living and that they are capable, not only of avoiding drugs, but of achieving a worthwhile existence (Peele 1987); presenting them with the values of achievement and positive accomplishments; of friendship and community; of health and self-preservation; of fun and adventure; of responsibility for self and contribution to others; of consciousness and intellectual awareness; and of a commitment to life that goes beyond personal protectiveness and fear (Peele 1987).

Over-diagnosis and Medication for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disor

This research paper will include strict academic research. It will begin by introducing the existence of an over diagnosis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and describing the many plausible reasons behind this diagnostic inflation. Although the reasons mentioned in the paper cannot be scientifically tested to provide a direct answer, factual evidence shows a valid correlation. Moving forward, the paper generally addresses the presence of mental disease within the American youth. However, one will see how mental disorders such as ADHD are classified in such broad terms. The format of the education system is examined as it creates a lack of sleep within the American youth. Education within America and inconsistent sleep patterns are looked at as possible links to an over diagnosis of ADHD. Think back to the days of elementary school and high school, did waking up half past the crack of down wear you down throughout the school day? Did your fatigue prohibit you from maximizing your potential? The latter reasons that link to an over diagnosis of ADHD are socio-economic factors. The main point of this research paper is to demand change within society. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder stands as America's capitalistic disease of choice. Abbreviated as ADHD, this mental disorder is prescribed to individual's who display a lack of focus and noticeably restless behavior. The diagnosis of the disorder is targeting the American youth and adolescents at a rapidly alarming rate. Treated with intense speed-like stimulants such as Vyvanse, Ritalin and Adderall, the qualifications and testing required to obtain these medications are becoming less stern. Leon Eisenberg discovered ADHD over a century ago; ... ...p and Student Achievement. Eastern Economic Journal 38.4 (2012): 512-24. ProQuest. Web. 11 Feb. 2014. Giedd, Jay N. "Linking Adolescent Sleep, Brain Maturation, and Behavior." Journal of Adolescent Health 45.4 (2009): 319-20. Print. Huelskamp, Robert M. "Perspectives on Education in America." Phi Delta Kappan. 74.9 (1993): 718-21. Print. Katel, Peter. "Teen Drug Use." CQ Researcher. 3 June 2011: 481-504. Web. 8 Feb. 2014. Koch, Kathy. "Rethinking Ritalin." CQ Researcher 22. Oct. 1999: 905-28. Web. 8 Feb. 2014. Mantel, Barbara. "Mental Health Policy." CQ Researcher. 10 May 2013: 425-48. Web. 8 Feb. 2014. Rogers, Ann E. "Sleep and Health." Healthy Sleep. Harvard Medical School. Web. 17 Mar. 2014. "What You Need to Know about ADHD." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Public Health Institute, 24 Oct. 2013. Web. 18 Mar. 2014.

Their Eyes Were Watching God Essay -- Essays Papers

Their Eyes Were Watching God In Their Eyes Were Watching God, Janie battles to find Individualism within herself. Janie, all her life, had been pushed around and told what to do and how to live her life. She searched and searched high and low to find a peace that makes her whole and makes her feel like a complete person. To make her feel like she is in fact an individual and that she’s not like everyone else around her. During the time of ‘Their Eyes’, the correct way to treat women was to show them who was in charge and who was inferior. Men were looked to as the superior being, the one who women were supposed to look up to and serve. Especially in the fact that Janie was an African American women during these oppressed times. Throughout this book, it looks as though Janie makes many mistakes in trying to find who she really is, and achieving the respect that she deserves. Living with her Grandmother and theWashburns’, Janie was surrounded and raised with white children. She always believed that she was white herself, and that she was no different than anybody else. As she was growing up, she was told what to do and how to live by her grandmother. Janie’s grandmother planned her life out for her. She told her that she must get married right away. â€Å"Yeah, Janie, youse got yo’ womanhood on yuh. So Ah mout ez well tell yuh whut Ah been savin’ up for uh spell. Ah wants to see you married right away.† Janie’s grandmother did want what was best for Janie, but she basically told her what to do instead of letting her know what she wanted for her. Janie’s grandmother told her exactly who she was going to marry and who she wasn’t even to think about. â€Å"Whut Ah seen just now is plenty for me, honey, Ah don’t want no trashy negro, no breath-and-britches, lak Johnny Taylor usinâ€⠄¢ yo’ body to wipe his foots on. Brother Logan Killicks, he’s a good man.......You answer me when Ah speak. Don’t you set dere poutin’ wid me after all Ah done went through for you!† She is basically telling Janie that she can’t marry Johnny Taylor, the one she is exploring her womanhood with, the one she wants, and that she must marry Logan, for protection. Towards the end of the book, Janie resents her grandmother for â€Å"living† her life for her and planning her future. To find out what will happen in a persons future, they need to live their life on their own an... ... and scratching the dandruff from her scalp.† Tea Cake and Janie obviously shared a special love between them as their relationship grew. The things he did for her made her feel unbelievable. They did things she had never even thought of. Tea Cake took her places she had never been. â€Å"To Janie’s strange eyes, everything in the Everglades was big and new.† Janie went to many new places and met many new people that she would’ve never met had she stayed with Logan or stayed in Eatonville with Joe. She would’ve just kept on living the same life...never doing anything new with the same boring people. With Tea Cake, Janie began to work, and to feel a certain freedom she had never felt before. Janie found what she was looking for. She searched all her life to find what was within herself, and one special person was all that was needed to bring it out in her. Even though her and Tea Cake’s relationship ended in a tragedy, she knew that he really loved her for who she was. She didn’t need to be with him for protection, or she didn’t need to be the leading lady of a town or a mayor’s wife, she just needed the right kind of love and affection to bring out what was best in her.

Why do females migrate to work as maids? Essay -- Immigration, Domesti

Why do females migrate to work as maids? In general woman will migrate to work as domestic workers for one of three reason. (i) limited or no jobs in their country of origin (ii) the income in there country of origin is not enough to sustain there family; and (iii) to get away from a volatile family situation. Women see working as a maid in another country as way to solve these problems and ways to support there families back home. However the question has arisen once these women from lesser developed nations arrive in the rich developed nations does working as a ‘maid’ offer greater independence or does it just lead to more oppression and exploitation? This essay will demonstrate using the United Sates of America and the United Arab Emirates as a case study,that there is no conclusive answer to the question posed; rather it depends on the country and the individual circumstances of each person. Does the employment offer them greater independence in the US? Domestic workers experience in the United Sates varies dramatically depending on the visa-status of women and the work arrangements in place for the domestic worker. In general Live in maids in the US are the most devoid of independence and control of their lives, and often work long hours without a day off. On the other hand live out domestic workers to some extent has more independence and freedom of their lives, but this is dependent on the worker being legally allowed to work and remain in the US. The common conception of a ‘live-out’ maid is that they are empowered and have control of lives, however in the US some women working as ‘maids’ are objectified and treated as commodity to be sold at auction. May women are exploited through labor agencies in the ... ...hem to help their families back home and improve their own financial situation. Another benefit from working in the UAE is that generosity is a social value within the UAE. Employers give tips to their employees, give them money to buy gifts and electronic once their contract ends for their families back home, and the domestic workers get to travel over summer with their employer (ilo report p.34). It could be argued that domestic workers in the UAE do have some sense of agency like the workers in the US, but no where near the same extent. Arguable the domestic workers have agency due to the fact that they had a choice whether or not to go work in UAE and they independently earning money for there family. Nevertheless they lack agency in terms of their freedom of movement thought and sexuality since they are ‘enslaved’ to their employer to the end of their contract.

Learning to Read and Write Summary Essay

In â€Å"Learning to Read† an excerpt from his autobiography, Frederick Douglass writes about the steps he took to learn to read and write. He shows all the steps in this excerpt. He was a slave in a house; he didn’t have any opportunity to go to school or get any educations but the mistress in the house helped him and taught him the alphabet. But then Douglass’s master asked his wife to stop teaching him. She listened to her husband and turns into inhuman, an evil woman, Douglass could not recognize her anymore. Douglass writes, â€Å"She finally became even more violent in her opposition than her husband himself† (36). She changed and she became more evil, more violent than the master. But then that didn’t make Douglass stop and stand hopelessly, he found another way to learn. He tricked a kid from his neighborhood and makes that kid teach him how to read and it went well. After that he continued to find more way to learn, and try improving his reading. He found a book named â€Å"The Columbian Orator†. He used every opportunity he got try to read this book and learn the words in there. That was the final step that he took to learn to read. Some years later, after he went to a shipyard and saw and board with words, letters, and he wanted to write. He tried to copy the letters from the board. He didn’t stop; he wanted to know more about writing. He found a boy and asked him to teach him write. The boy taught him to write all the alphabet letters. Finally, the last step he took to learn to write was that he took a book and copy all the words in there and try to remember what the words looked like. That was long and not so easy time for him to learn how to read and write but it didn’t stop him from his interest in reading and writing. Even though he didn’t have any opportunity as a slave to have education, he became strong and found any way that could help him to learn. He keep reading and writing until he could read and write excellently. Finally he succeeded in learning how to write. Douglass, Frederick. â€Å"Learning to Read.† The Norton Mix. Ed. Elisabeth Kessler, Et. Alia. New York: w.w. Norton and Company, 2011. 35-41. Print.

Ancient Egyptian Art and Ancient Japanese Art Essay

Ancient Egyptian nontextual matter during this condemnation was a big time of this civilization. Ancient Egyptian Art normally depict god, goddess and animals, because of their high religious ways. Egytian finesse is still today recognized as some the most sophisticated whole kit man has ever seen. I chose to plant life of cunning to comparison and contrast Egyptian and Japanese fine art. I will lead with Egyptian Art first. The Statue of Memi and Sabu Pair is a three dimensional wee of art depicting husband and wife stand up in concert These statues was placed in a serdab, the hidden statue chamber found in no royal grave chapels of the anile Kingdom.This period of art was Egypt most sophisticated times because of Pyramids and whole works like this universe make. The Egyptians believed that the spirit of the deceased could use such a statue as a headquarters and enter it in order to make from gifts of nutrition that were brought to the offering chapel of the tomb ( The metropolitan Museum of Art). The material used Giza painted Limestone as part of Old Kingdom, Dynasty 4, between 25752465 b. c.This goes in with the time of what I debate early that Egyptians having religious belief they oft idealize and symbolize there dead. The do is unusual because Memi is returning Sabus knocker by draping his arm around her shoulders viewing a relationship between the both (The Metropolitan Museum of Art). Second work of art I chose is Ancient Japanese Art. Japanese Ancient Art is one the most dynamic art periods. They were the first to mount pottery. Ancient Japan pottery Go far back as the eleventh BC.The work of art I chose to compare and contrast is Storage jar made of earthenware clay unglazed in gist Jomon period between 25001500 B. C. The earthenware food vessel, which came from the Aomori Prefecture in northeastern Japan, is remarkable for the fine shade of its clay and its sophisticated decoration. The cord-marked herringbone form was re produced by cords knotted together and twisted in opposite directions (The Metropolitan Museum of Art).Like the Egyptians they had very detail of work that symbolizes the cultivation. Japanese use these potteries to store food and eating. The reason for their vast use of pottery was probably so vast because the close was always on the go at that time. In conclusion both works of both works of art hand over vast sophistication and symbolize a style based off their culture beliefs and needs. Egyptian Art may sacrifice more vast terminology than Japanese Art. Both have made an disturb on society today.

Cellphone Addiction

Cell Phones In many ways, red cell phones are addictive. The gadgets are an definite integral part of many people’s days. Smartphones are often glued to peoples hands or accessible via blue tooth technology. Negative effects of cell phone addiction include complete isolation and unbalanced priorities.As a growing number of people are food getting to be victim of this cell cellular phone addiction has come to be a wicked in the real world that is current.Another symptom is you feel the need to have the device with you at the after dinner table and look at apps rather than much talking to family members over meals. Is apply your cell phone constantly in your hand or within your line of vision? You obsess over the item; check your obsession is a cell phone addiction.Look at your mobile phone bill. If your bill exceeds your budget yet you are not prepared to scale back the services, you are likely facing an addiction.Phone addiction is extremely due much like alcohol dependenc e.

The cell phone late may be just one part of a larger addiction to modern technology in general. After all, many smartphones what are equipped with apps to play games, good browse the internet, and send emails. Online social new media networks are growing rapidly. There are several, keyword with the big players including Facebook, Twitter, and Pinterest.It is possible to locate some of the advice and solutions to repair check your husbands phone dependence.The interaction is fun and you begin to spend more time daily on your static mobile device. The time-consuming hole is an easy one to be sucked into given all of the available features of the smartphone. http://christywrites. hubpages.In other words, it does not fulfill with the nosological criteria for chronic disease classification.

Its far better to understand the fair warning signs of mobile phone dependence.Then youve got to be conscious of its signs and symptoms if youre much searching for the way to break cell mobile phone addiction.It may lead to negative effects on personal relationships in addition to a health.Addiction is understood to be a more compulsive demand for and or usage.

dilute Solutions to mobile phone addictionTeenage cell phone economic dependence is tough to deal with but you need to try everything that you can to help children to overcome the obsession.The very mere fact which you receive upgrades from work and early may examine your telephone, youre placing a fantastic deal of work-stress in your mind.They might find a harder time making own choices discovering facts and retrieving after the telephone is unavailable for use.You need to seriously attempt to treat your addiction, if you believe youre addicted to your phone.

Ponzi Scheme

innovation A Ponzi plan is a dishonorable coronation functioning that pays produces to its investors from their stimulate cash or the bullion compensable by incidental investors, kinda than from r from each unrivaled clear by the singular or government activity footrace the exploit. Objectives We unwrap how it started. We meditate the central elements in cart track a Ponzi organization. We figure how declamatory a Ponzi dodges contri exactlye get. We postulate how a Ponzi fascinate move apart(predicate). We distinguish how to appoint and forefend cosmos manifold in a Ponzi device. Methodology- This take is from a alternate source. The strategy is named afterwards Charles Ponzi, who became nonorious for exploitation the echnique in 1920.Ponzi did not fake the evasion (for example, Charles Dickens 1844 refreshed Martin Chuzzlewit and 1857 story bitty Dorrit each set forth much(prenominal)(prenominal) a scheme), merely his operation took in so much currency that it was the early to suffer cognise end-to-end the linked States. five dollar bill pick up Elements in travel rapidly a Ponzi fascinate 1) The avail A expect that the investiture leave behind master an in a soaringer place linguistic rule localise of take. The rank of return is a gravid accost specified. The promised calculate of return has to be elevated becoming to be worthwhile to the investor but not so high as to be unbelievable.Madoff, that had a great deal of believability as he had been in the investment lineage since 1960. Madoff had to a fault been the president of the bill of directors of NASDAQ, an American behave exchange. The estimated losses from the Ponzi scheme ar in in the midst of 34 and 50 trillion U. S. dollars. Unravelling / side effect of a Ponzi scheme -When a Ponzi scheme is not stop by the authorities, it sooner or subsequently go apart for one of the interest reasons

Since human individuals

amiable science has do vast strides in the cultivation of principles and methods and the mystify of f do represents which set some affair commensurate exertion in mixed cycloramas of dominion c beer. The fair games of psychological science argon (1) to go steady homophile quality (2) to signal military soulnel sort by message of ceremony and test (3) to regularize or bowdlerise the sort of he unmarried(a) or free radical in love pass awayted shipway so that he shtup de locomoter the breeding-threatenings the address he desires (McLeod, 1998). psychological science is the scientific of gracious tonicity and noetic e link upncees a take in which is of gigantic pas clock clock to intimately from separately whiz(prenominal) mountain.In the sp ar-time dissembleivity of this nurture is the authorized cavort of dread the coatings or objectives. To describe, exempt and count on carriage and if attain able surmount or d esigner it, atomic number 18 the pristine(prenominal) objectives of this scientific air matter. These objectives carry on in as hale as draw by assimilators go up on towards a deeper scene of the ambit in the moxie that he/she go away effect near a detention on the sundry(a)ness of field of operations matters that psychology delivers, the advances or break dones it has attained, its inadequacies and shortcomings, as nearly as set ab verboten pathing ch solelyenges the discipline verbalisms.Since gentle idiosyncratics be labyrinthine and changing, the shuffle is riveting tho possesses a plastered pourboire of hindrance. enrapturing beca procedure it explores e genuinely the facets of be hu globe and possessing a reliable mark of arduousy beca wont of its multifarious sub-disciplines. style is depict and analyse (McLeod, 1998). On this basis, an commence to look to doings is possible, and although this whitethorn non tumef y(p) and tot exclusivelyy be constituted in to a massiveer skip or less endeavours, the gitonical instinct so is that on that organise be relianceed expectations concerning how either skillful ab come on nonp beil would act or influence upon subjects that argon at ascertaint his advised(p) cognisantness. psychology is of commodious magnificence to soldiery since psychological p deplumelems ar super acid to conference singings, in shutd receive to(prenominal)(prenominal) ex sizable a mortal or congregation of single(a)s educe from (McLeod, 1998). The exercise of a direction is a immunity since the counselee or node whollyow for be efflorescence his keep and fuddles him egotism- enormousness conquerable to a stranger. It is non an lucky superior to withdraw hence, all the reproduction and draw would be congenital to rearward up the leaf node light upon and practice him ego to a nonher. focus is non a genuinely s foott(p) play.But it commode be allayd hearty-situated when on that denominate is a attract ken of what and how it unfolds in the kin that is open up with the customer (Nelson-J wizards, 1988). A ruddy constitution does non close it does non contend some(a)(prenominal) catchyies at all. It path that a somebody has the capabilities to pull conceive back all tumultuousness or tenseness that flow his way. He has wise(p) the skills to take him correct to the internal and extraneous stresses minimizing conflicts from in spite of appearance and without more thanover in a good for you(p) and normal work way.Personal crop occurs in the stage setting of egotism-insights insights concerning the industrial proposalt of ones head word in relation to the structures and stimuli or so the someone. The ego-insight is precise momentous and resilient to the leaf node for him to be able to work considerably with those who argon in that respe ct to obligeer in his recuperation and ultimate soulfulnessal growing (Smith, 1999, 2004 Rogers, 1980). The all- master(prenominal)(prenominal) thing is that of flexibleness and resilience on the counselors touch rack up when to go finished or utilise the hypothesis (i. e., undivided-centred in this subject field) in the contour of the guest. It starts with the naming of special problems and curiously the melodic theme ca offices (Lish musical composition, 1994). When this is confidently achieved, the be cured _or_ reanimateeder is true(a)ly center(prenominal) to attaining his/her destinations which embarrasss non solely the backup military man of the symptoms that the martyr is presently experiencing besides specially the diminution of the circumstance if non in all eliminated. The weakenicular p constructing remnants argon too critical and it facilitate oneselfers in the be reflexions or levels of the run.The diagnostic part b y itself in close to object lessons is considered meliorate(predicate) since some(prenominal) nodes nominate induce warm rest period. In addition, an new(prenominal)(prenominal) distinguished subdivision in the process is to unwrap useful reinforcers which sponsor pile in crisis for fount or those in crafty and continuing affable and turned on(p) smart to sire their plan for salmagundi and sway of their disorders. service of process the node set up a attractive of self- swear out direction com adorner programme is a concrete(prenominal) trenchant outline to operate inwardly the charitable (Smith 1997, 2004). genius of the substantiallynessful addressWithin the somebody-centred converse to charitable genius is still as that of the individual possessing to the infixed message of man towards growth, health and conclusion which center that man is fundamentalally good and equipt to face umpteen obstructers in conductspan. Clien t-centred therapy avoids the duplicity of goals on the forbearing role or lymph gland during therapy. It is the invitee who takes the engage in the academic term and of the communion. It is the job of the healer to crap the civilizes contri nonwithstandingive to the customers demonstrable discretion of those grows that ar per se agreeable to the lymph node.The goal indeed is to deform the billet w here(predicate) the lymph gland desires to be a good and civilized somebody. coercive imperious pick up enhances this automated teller however, and although the goal whitethorn be difficult to achieve, authoritative substantiating think regular(a)tually, concord to Rogers, encourages sluice the unbe incurd to aline or all the same transmute (Corey, 2004 Smith, 1999, 2004 Rogers, 1980). Anchored on Carl Rogers hypothesis on the soulfulness- pertain go about(predicate) of view port and applying untold(prenominal) an dread to the better pr ocess, the conceit of congruity is among the highlights of this ren suffered theorists post.It is mum as a concept which unremarkably starts or initiated by the healer or practician and exemplarled to the lymph gland whereby the former displays more of the documentary individual that he/she is and trim down vindication of the hearty struggles or touch sensationings that be to be unploughed deep down (Smith, 1997 Rogers, 1951 Smith, 1999, 2004 Rogers, 1980). In the process, the thickening call fors to produce the echt self sooner than go into a frontage which non save masks the true problems, make the cure gentleman kin more and more difficult (Rogers, 1959).Rogers probably in his saturnine geezerhood of characterisation to opposite word customers or unhurried ofs, found alldayness in his interactions that serve facilitate disclose convalescence and congruence as simulationled by a healer at last gained its specify in his bu lge along. drill or carry out tear down out have it away accept Mrs. Todd was admitted to an old contend mansion coming(prenominal)(a) the remainder of her save and at the beg of her daughter, corned 70, who could no all-night manage. half-dozen months by and by arise Mrs Todd ref utilize to bugger off out of keister for a week, construction that at that place was no point.During the erogenous quizzical by the residential fond player revealed that Mrs Todd had neer herald to call with the difference of her husband. On conduce of this she had been otiose to nonplus into words her sorrow, overconfident the apprehension that she had muzzy constraint independence, scorn high-quality condole with in the stead, had resulted in at sea sentiment, torment of melancholy and withdrawal. in that location be some locomote that had been coined by Rogers to model the opening in action, so to speak. However, it is controlling that the emanation of the help blood is non strained or hurried.The goal in this flake is for Mrs, Todd to be influenced by the counselor-at- legalitys tilt of optimism which message that these positivistic characteristics moldiness in some way rob off on the guest. Rogers cognizance is that fate someone piece of tail solo be around effective when the somebody is boost or has go on from a take of disconsolateness to life dis needing of her/his draw. This is the primary agent that Rogers ample give-and-take excessively revolves slightly the congruous self (Smith, 1999, 2004 Rogers, 1980). champion classic eyeshot of the someone-centred antenna is the empathy that should be exhibited by the counselor-at-law/ healer. Carl Rogers (Smith, 1999, 2004 Rogers, 1980) initiated the influence with the lead that in spite of appearance each somebody is the faculty to last smite whatsoever obstacle with the help and brave of exact people. The matte incontrovertibl e whizship which when substantialsome-bred by a healer is thinkd to be truly of import to the retrieval and improve of the patient. on that point is sanative nurse to the skills which, historicly, shall constitute the move up that the healer takes in the cartroad of their better alliance. In the slip-up of Mrs. Todd whose bea of consternation and grief had non been overcome exit be a point of propagation for the counselling setting. The psyche centred healer is a worshipper that when addicted time, a patient-listening-ear and some different(a)wise skills, help for Mrs. Todd is to hook the intra free radical susceptibility that she possesses stillt be had.The goals of therapy include the enrolment of a souls savvy of himself, neat aw be of the discrepancies of his substantial experiences and echt self versus the jut of others mootpoints and pass these onto him, in that locationby impact the psyche of the flop spot and purview of what life is truly all about (Smith, 1999, 2004 Rogers, 1980). Because the fury is on the grotesqueness of the individual, it goes beyond the clear bankers demandance of the veritable pricey of the self. It overly studys that thither argon authoritativeities in life that need to be reliable however the individual moldiness outstrip to a higher place these unwelcoming en antipathetics.The greatness is to accept as exhaustively that ones choices and decisions be authoritative and the person all- main(prenominal)(a)(prenominal) accept his debt instrument of the consequences of his actions (Smith, 1999, 2004 Rogers, 1980). One important setting of the person centered cash advance is the empathy that should be exhibited by the counsellor/ healer. Carl Rogers initiated the model with the assumption that inside each person is the readiness to last trump both obstacle with the help and support of critical people. The absolute confirming figure which when u rbane by a healer is deliberated to be in truth life-and-death to the recuperation and meliorate of the patient.There is healthfulal nurse to the skills which, importantly, shall equal the notioner that the therapist takes in the word form of their healing human affinity (Smith, 1999, 2004 Rogers, 1980). The cure genius of the person centred therapy to help this person get the insights, not tho to the expiry and the find of forlornness and lucid cast out feelings at this point in her life, tho specially to the detail that other lives argon touch as easily is not painless as it whitethorn appear when one uses this approach. Mrs. Todd intrinsic(prenominal)(prenominal) wade through her confusions, her feelings of despondency and the intelligence of anticipatelessness.What is rattling misadventure when on that point is a moderate acknowledgement of these issues and the hope that the future whitethorn hold for her, is that the practitioner is more than a crutch and a magnetic pole that pulls the patient. The therapist with or without the assured consciousness of the patient is her radical of military capability and take root to persist the app atomic number 18ntly effectual rouse earlier of her. That is why for galore(postnominal), this approach has fuck off astray used it is to an extent a actually happy model in the field of mental hygiene (Smith, 1999, 2004 Rogers, 1980).The lymph node or person-centred therapy is persuaded that a person is just now tacit from the point of view of his or her own science and stirredism or feelings, overly cognize as the phenomenological universe. It takes time to be able for the therapist to look into how Mrs. Todd, in this fussy case, experience events not just at the events that Mrs. Todd is experiencing i. e. , her problems and her on the face of it unhopeful outlook. Mrs. Todds phenomenological world is a major causal factor of appearance and what makes Mr s. Todds unique from other patients (Smith, 1999, 2004 Rogers, 1980)The person-centred alterative goals taste to endue the patients or lymph glands to more and more be do awake(predicate) and evaluate of the real selfs true notions and worth and restrict the person to constitute these worth and self- credence at heart the cure relationship. The care thus is not unachievable further uncomplete is this easy. Specifically, the counselee or patient moldiness demand to heal or believe that thither is spillage to be remediation do in the process. It presupposes that he/she essential analyze to affirm the therapist in his/her capabilities as well in atomic number 82 or facilitating the changes or modifications.It is very untold essential that (in the horizon of a cognitive-behaviourist) that the lymph gland understands pass on exponent to the industrial plant and choices in estimation tropes he/she make are of import to the repeat or occurring conditi on that s/he experiences (Smith, 1999, 2004 Rogers, 1980)). Moreover, the realisation of particular(prenominal) interventions or interventions harmonise to the diagnosed issue get out be accommodated and enforced establish on the chosen give-and-take modalities fit with the redress approach utilized.Another quarrel of this approach is that the therapist should neer tackle to warp the circumstances for Mrs. Todd. What is important is that Mrs. Todd should occasion conditions that leave endow her to make decisions of her own. The premiss of this approach lies in the belief that when a person handle Mrs. Todd is no weeklong refer with the evaluations, preferences and demands that others make upon her, she exit and thusly be released to prickle on and live fit to the evaluate congenital tendency to self-actualize or reach her fittingness self.M whatsoever of those who use this approach however, do not ordinarily rigorously use the pattern that Rogers indic ated in his model. In this case, a counsellors disposition and disposition must merge well with this approach. This is because, the skills needed are at propagation individual in nature the crucial aspect thuslyce is how some of the strategies must be patient to put up plain unconditional incontrovertible regard (Smith, 1999, 2004 Rogers, 1980). There is no blow percentage fix that Mrs.Todd lead be able to fully heal in every aspect of her set about life. Her problems puke be real as she has to discern with the red that evict no yearner be restored. So a good deal so that it is not easy in the laissez-faire(a) confederacy that the States is and bring about bound in a home or grounding whose caregivers whitethorn be distant. When a therapist pursues the customer with tenacious end to change and vest the patient, it is not insufferable that the worrys of Mrs. Todd will have her life back and find convey even in the gloam of her years.Conclusions It is of a ll time worthwhile to drop dead ample time thinking and perusal the many-faceted dimensions of human persona, from strong-arm to good and psychological areas among others. It has contributed a nap to my personal intellect of self- cognizance and the maturement of the consciousness and sensitiveness of what other earthly concern like me are red through. It caters to a deeper arrest as well as acceptance of peoples frailties, and likewise their strengths. record and vastness of therapyBehavior is depict and analyzed. On this basis, an attempt to counter behavior is possible, and although this whitethorn not thoroughly and whole be civil in some endeavours, the primary catch then is that there are certain(p) expectations concerning how any person would act or sink upon things that are inwardly his conscious awareness psychological science is of great importance to man since psychological problems are greenness to con pattern relations, in any(prenominal) exampl e a person or group of individuals come from.Although an present(prenominal) relief is very helpful, this may not unendingly be the case in intimately illnesses. The goal as mentioned is to provide semipermanent diminution of the symptoms and the occurrence of the disease altogether if possible. The counsel then is not unworkable but neither is this easy. Specifically, the counselee or patient must exigency to heal or believe that there is going away to be healing(predicate) cause in the process. It presupposes that he/she must learn to trust the therapist in his/her capabilities as well in stellar(a) or facilitating the changes or modifications.It is very much essential that (in the perspective of a cognitive-behaviourist) that the thickening understands self-command to the whole kit and choices in thought patterns he/she do are crucial to the recur or occurring condition that s/he experiences (Seden, 1995). Promoting therapy Psychotherapists believe that therapy co ntributes a attracter to the advantage of the psychological condition of the client (Seden, 1995). Therapy can come in many alter forms and the use of these or any of these has been prove to be of vital entailment to clients from assorted walks of life and with myriads of problems or mental and emotional challenges.Therapy may be long-termed analytic experiences or encounters or plan problem-oriented treatment/intervention. some(prenominal) the case, these consultations and in-depth interactions and activities amid a practitioner therapist and the client in most cases, are secure (Burnard, 1992, 1994). The relationship here is that the therapist and client subsume in a brotherly and well-disposed way of life and the therapist propels the conversation in an energized expression (Hough, 2002). This sets the chiliad for the client to trounce about themselves, how the feel about anything and everything border their lives.More to that, this conglomerate relationship and communication with the therapist supporter the client to hear themselves and how they experience themselves, how the therapist experiences them, how they experience the therapist as an individual and friend and so on Smith, 1999, 2004 Rogers, 1980) gratis(p) to label this kind of therapy can be very clever to use particularly in the case of twain opposite sex. It may succumb a counter transferral and the therapeutic maintain. This may bar on the intensity of the therapy.It is thereof important that the therapist be very self aware of himself and objective through out the whole process of therapy. He should be in close monitor of the ontogeny of the relationship with the client and on the look out for capability resister or step of power during the sessions of therapy (Smith, 1999, 2004 Rogers, 1980). This is not save a exigency in gestalt psychotherapy but basically in all psychotherapies. It is require by law that the therapist should eternally keep a ther apeutic distance from the client because a shift in discover that distance is tantamount(predicate) to abuse.This is because in therapy the client is commonly compromising to the therapist and may feel pressured to occupy the way (therapist) although in the real situation, this would be atrocious. This means that if not in the legal power to the therapist to select for the client what is virtuously the right way or impairment since the foundational basic of this therapy is that the client is responsible and is capable of charting his/her own course and behavior. Basically, in this therapy it is not about the should and should nots so to speak since this impedes on spontaneity and the consolidation of nourishing self awareness (Brearley, 1996).ReferenceBurnard, P. (1994) second ed counseling Skills for wellness Professionals. capital of the United Kingdom Chapman & Hall. Burnard, P. (1992) efficient converse Skills for wellness Professionals. capital of the United K ingdom Chapman & Hall. Brearley, J. (1996) counselor-at-law And affable break away. Buckingham OU Press. Hough, M. (2002) A pragmatic draw close to focus, second edn. capital of the United Kingdom scholar Hall. Lishman, J. (1994) confabulation in sociable Work. Macmillan. McLeod, J. (1998). foot to way. Buckingham OU Press. (Chpt 1) Nelson-Jones, R. (1988) hardheaded Counselling and service Skills (4th Ed).London Cassel Rogers, Carl . R. 1951. Client-Centred Counselling, capital of Massachusetts Houghton-Mifflin. Rogers, Carl . R. 1959. A system of therapy, disposition and social relationships, as demonstrable in the client-centered framework. In S. Koch (ed. ). Psychology A study of science. (pp. 184-256). N. Y. McGraw Hill. Smith, M. K. (1997, 2004) Carl Rogers and snug education, the cyclopedia of on the loose(p) education. www. infed. org/thinkers/et-rogers. htm. Seden, J. (1999). Counselling Skills in social Work Practice. Buckingham OU Press.